“…Specifically, Internet addiction refers to the use of the Internet for non-work activities for more than 6 hr a day for an extended period leading to negative outcomes, such as social withdrawal and poor performance in school or work (Jiang, 2019). Internet addiction poses a risk for the emergence of social and health problems, especially in the form of the potential development of depression, anxiety, lack of real-life social relations, and problems at school and in the family (Jenaro, Flores, G omez-Vela, Gonz alez-Gil, & Caballo, 2007;Martins et al, 2020;Sung, Lee, Noh, Park, & Ahn, 2013). Among a sample of college students, psychiatric symptoms and Internet addiction exhibited bidirectional relationships during a 1-year followup period (Lin, Hsiao, Liu, & Yen, 2020).…”