Adolescent Personality Types and Subtypes and Their Psychosocial Adjustment

Scholte, Ron H. J.; Lieshout, Cornelis F. M. van; Wit, C.A.M. de; Aken, Marcel A. G. van

doi:10.1353/mpq.2005.0019

Cited by 71 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The y-axis in the figure represents z scores. The distances between the cluster means and the total sample standardized mean, in standard deviation units, were interpreted as effect sizes (Scholte, van Lieshout, de Wit, & van Aken, 2005). Analogous to Cohen's (1988) d, 0.2 SD is a small effect, 0.5 SD is a medium or moderate effect, and 0.8 SD is a large effect.…”

Section: Cluster Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivational profiles from a self-determination perspective: The quality of motivation matters.

Vansteenkiste

Sierens

Soenens

et al. 2009

Journal of Educational Psychology

804

846

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The present research complements extant variable-centered research that focused on the dimensions of autonomous and controlled motivation through adoption of a person-centered approach for identifying motivational profiles. Both in high school students (Study 1) and college students (Study 2), a cluster analysis revealed 4 motivational profiles: a good quality motivation group (i.e., high autonomous, low controlled); a poor quality motivation group (i.e., low autonomous, high controlled); a low quantity motivation group (i.e., low autonomous, low controlled); and a high quantity motivation group (i.e., high autonomous, high controlled). To compare the 4 groups, the authors derived predictions from qualitative and quantitative perspectives on motivation. Findings generally favored the qualitative perspective; compared with the other groups, the good quality motivation group displayed the most optimal learning pattern and scored highest on perceived need-supportive teaching. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.Keywords: motivational profiles, autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, self-determination theory, quality of motivation Most motivation psychologists, teachers, and parents would agree that students' study behavior is multidetermined. Multiple reasons might drive study behavior, such as a spontaneous interest in the learning material, a desire to prove oneself by getting high grades, external expectations, or future professional goals. Nevertheless, some motives might be more dominant for some students, whereas different motives might be of greater importance to others. Also, some students might combine some motives in a relatively unique manner, so that they, for instance, study both because they need to meet external demands and because they find learning enjoyable as such. Thus, different groups or types of students might exist that are characterized by different motivational profiles.To identify motivational profiles, one must adopt a personcentered approach (Magnusson, 1998). Such an approach complements the dimensional or variable-centered approach that is typically used in motivational research (but see Csizér & Dörnyei, 2005;Pintrich, 2000; Ratelle, Guay, Vallerand, Larose, & Senécal, in press;Wang & Biddle, 2001). Whereas the primary aim in person-centered analyses (e.g., cluster analysis; Gore, 2000) is to categorize individuals into groups whose members have similar motivational profiles, the focus of the variable-centered approach is on the effects of motivational dimensions on students' learning and performance. The two approaches are likely to yield complementary information (Fortunato & Goldblatt, 2006), but little prior attention has been devoted to the person-centered approach by motivational researchers. Our aims in the present research were (a) to map out the motivational profiles of students on the basis of their scores for autonomous and controlled study motivation, as distinguished within self-determination theory (SDT; Vansteenkiste, Lens, & De...

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Section: Cluster Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivational profiles from a self-determination perspective: The quality of motivation matters.

Vansteenkiste

Sierens

Soenens

et al. 2009

Journal of Educational Psychology

804

846

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“…There have, however, been some investigations of the impact of personality types on well-being. For example, Scholte et al (2005) reported that personality types were associated with very distinct adjustment patterns.…”

Section: Reported Effects Of Temperament Traits On Well-beingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Happy Temperament? Four Types of Stimulation Control Linked to Four Types of Subjective Well-Being

Bojanowska

Zalewska

2016

J Happiness Stud

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In this person-oriented study 722 adolescents and adults filled out formal characteristics of behaviour-temperament inventory, satisfaction with life scale and positive and negative affect schedule. Using k-means clustering we assigned them to four subjective well-being (SWB) types: (1) achievers-high satisfaction, positive affective balance; (2) aspirers-low satisfaction, positive affective balance; (3) resigners-high satisfaction, negative affective balance; (4) frustrated-low satisfaction, negative affective balance; and to four temperament types denoting patterns of stimulation control (1) sanguine: high stimulation processing capacity (SPC) and high stimulation supply (StS); (2) melancholic: low SPC, low StS; (3) phlegmatic: high SPC, low StS; (4) choleric: low SPC, high StS. We compared stimulation control dimensions between SWB types and compared counts of SWB types across four profiles of temperament. SPC and StS were highest among achievers and lowest among the Frustrated, with aspirers and resigners in between. We found a clear correspondence between well-being structures and temperament types (a) the most common temperament among achievers was the sanguine, suggesting that this is the 'happy temperament', (b) among the Frustrated it was the melancholic (the 'unhappy temperament'), (c) among resigners it was the choleric, suggesting that this 'overstimulated temperament' results in high satisfaction at the cost of lower affective balance, (d) among aspirers it was the Phlegmatic, suggesting that 'understimulated temperament', results in a good affective balance but lower satisfaction. Configurations of temperament dimensions within individuals affect the whole structure of SWB and can explain incongruence between cognitive and affective components of SWB.

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“…Three personality types can be constructed as specific combinations of ego-control and ego-resilience [18]: Resilients (high on ego-resiliency and moderate on ego-control), Undercontrollers (low on ego-resiliency and ego-control), and Overcontrollers (low on ego-resiliency and high on ego-control). Although this personality typology is not without its critics [19], these types have been replicated in different age groups, with different instruments, and using different statistical procedures.Importantly, prior research has demonstrated that each personality type has a unique and replicable Big Five profile [18,[20][21][22][23]. Resilients score relatively high on all Big Five traits.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research in community samples has shown that Overcontrollers are typically at risk for internalizing difficulties such as depressive symptoms, feelings of loneliness, lowered self-esteem, and peer victimization [20,21]. Undercontrollers are especially at risk for poor academic achievement and externalizing difficulties such as peer aggression, substance use, and delinquent behavior [20,24,25].Unfortunately, most studies to date have focused on independent associations among the Big Five traits and functioning in adolescents with a chronic disease. However, by adopting a typological approach to personality, one can take into account that the meaning of one personality dimension partially depends on the scores of other dimensions [20].…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Big Five Personality Typology in Adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease: Prospective Associations with Psychosocial Functioning and Perceived Health

et al. 2016

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On behalf of the i-DETACH investigatorsCorresponding AbstractPurpose. This study aimed (1) to identify different personality types in adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD); and (2) to relate these personality types to psychosocial functioning and several domains of perceived health, both concurrently and prospectively.Hence, this study aimed to expand previous research by adopting a person-centered approach to personality through focusing on personality types rather than singular traits.Methods. Adolescents with CHD were selected from the database of pediatric and congenital cardiology of the University Hospitals Leuven. A total of 366 adolescents (15-20 years old) with CHD participated at Time 1. These adolescents completed questionnaires on the Big Five personality traits, depressive symptoms, loneliness, and generic and disease-specific domains of health. Nine months later, 313 patients again completed questionnaires.Results. Cluster analysis at Time 1 revealed three personality types: Resilients (37%), Undercontrollers (34%), and Overcontrollers (29%), closely resembling typologies obtained in previous community samples. Resilients, Under-and Overcontrollers did not differ in terms of disease complexity, but differed on depressive symptoms, loneliness, and generic and disease-specific domains of perceived health at both time-points. Overall, Resilients showed the most favorable outcomes and Overcontrollers the poorest, with Undercontrollers scoring in-between.Conclusions. Personality assessment can help clinicians in identifying adolescents at risk for physical and psychosocial difficulties later in time. In this study, both Over-and Undercontrollers were identified as high risk groups. Our findings show that both personality traits and types should be taken into account to obtain a detailed view on the associations between personality and health.Heart defects, congenital; Personality types; Big Five; Cluster analysis; Adolescence; Chronic disease. 4Recent advances in pediatric medicine have led to a dramatic decrease in the mortality rate of many once fatal chronic diseases [1]. It is estimated that more than 90% of children born with a chronic disease now survive to the age of 20 [2]. The emergence of this population poses many new challenges to health care. Although major differences exist in how youngsters cope with their disease, a recent meta-analysis has shown that adolescents with a chronic disease report more depressive symptoms as compared to their healthy peers [3]. In addition, research has shown that young adults with a chronic disease have worse educational and vocational outcomes as compared to their peers [2]. In the present study, we focus on adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD), being the most common birth defect (9:1000 births) and comprising a wide spectrum of simple, moderate, and complex structural heart lesions [4]. Adolescents with CHD are at increased risk for developing medical complications later in life, such as arrhythmias, pulmonary hypertension, or heart...

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Adolescent Personality Types and Subtypes and Their Psychosocial Adjustment

Cited by 71 publications

References 44 publications

Motivational profiles from a self-determination perspective: The quality of motivation matters.

Motivational profiles from a self-determination perspective: The quality of motivation matters.

Happy Temperament? Four Types of Stimulation Control Linked to Four Types of Subjective Well-Being

A Big Five Personality Typology in Adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease: Prospective Associations with Psychosocial Functioning and Perceived Health

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