Adolescents school students in Java and Sumatra are in greater risk of obesity

Abstract

Latar belakang: Indonesia masih menghadai beban ganda masalah gizi berkaitan dengan obesitas yang meningkat sementara masalah kurang gizi masih terjadi, termasuk pada remaja. Hasil penelitian masih terbatas, dalam hal aspek demografi dan geografi di Indonesia, sementara strategi pencegahan obesitas pada remaja membutuhkan intervensi yang lebih optimal. Tujuan: Studi ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran masalah obesitas berdasarkan karakteristik populasi dan perilaku berisiko di region yang berbeda.
 Metode: Studi ini menggunakan data sekunder dari survei kesehatan berbasis sekolah tahun 2015 yang dikembangkan oleh CDC Amerika dan WHO, dengan modifikasi sesuai kondisi Indonesia. Analisis mencakup 10,544 pelajar kelas 7 – 12 dengan representasi populasi nasional di tiga regional/pulau di Indonesia. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah chi-square dan log regression.
 Hasil: Model logistik menunjukkan pelajar remaja yang tinggal di pulau Jawa mempunyai risiko yang lebih tinggi untuk mengalami obesitas (adjusted OR 2.1;95%CI 1.3-3.3) dibandingkan pada pelajar yag tinggal di pulau Sumatra dan luar pulau Jawa dan Sumatra, sementara perilaku berisiko seperti aktivitas fisik dan perilaku diet tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna dengan kejadian obesitas.
 Kesimpulan: Disparitas masalah obesitas terjadi pada remaja di tiga pulau besar di Indonesia, di tingkat kelas yang berbeda dan perilaku diet berisiko yang berbeda. Strategi pencegahan diperlukan lebih mengarah pada intervensi berbasis sekolah dengan memperhatikan faktor geografis tempat tinggal di pulau Sumatra dan lainnya serta tingkat atau kelas yang berbeda. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2019;10(2):119-27)
 Kata kunci: Obesitas, remaja, perilaku diet, region, aktivitas fisik
 
 Abstract
 Background: Indonesia faces burden of nutrition related diseases as obesity is increasing while malnutrition still exists, including in adolescents. Research are limited in term of which specific demography and geography aspects in Indonesia while stronger strategic intervention to prevent obesity in adolescents is needed. Objective: This study aims to describe proportion of obesity in indifferent adolescents characteristic and eating behaviour in different regions.
 Method: This study used data from Indonesia 2015 Global School-based Health Survey developed by US CDC and WHO) with modification based on Indonesia specific. The analysis included 10,544 students covered national representative and three regions of school students (grade 7 to 12) in Indonesia. Statistical analysis used chi square and log regressions.
 Results: The logistic model showed adolescents students living in Java island has significantly higher risk of obesity (adjusted OR 2.1;95%CI 1.3-3.3) compare to their peers in outside Java and Sumatra Island, while behavior risk factors such as physical activity and dietary habit were not significantly associated with obesity.
 Conclusions: Issues disparity of obesity in adolescents occurred in the three main Islands in Indonesia, in different school grades and in those with different dietary risk behaviours. Intervention strategy to address adolescents obesity issues will need to be directed toward school-based settings with taking into account specific approaches for students in Sumatra and other main islands in Indonesia as well as specific for junior and senior high school. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2019;10(2):119-27).
 Keywords: Obesity, adolescents, dietary behaviour, region, physical activity

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