Adrenal secretion during major depression in 8- to 16-year-olds, I. Altered diurnal rhythms in salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) at presentation

Goodyer, Ian; Herbert, J.; Altham, P. M. E.; Pearson, J; Secher, Sandra M.; Shiers, H. M.

doi:10.1017/s0033291700034644

Cited by 242 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The method suffers from some disadvantages, including lack of compliance (Gutteling et al, 2005). In addition, saliva samples taken after eating or drinking substances with low pH may give falsely high cortisol values (Goodyer et al, 1996). Tobacco use may also interfere with the analysis (Badrick et al, 2007).…”

Section: Limitations and Strengths Of The Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary cortisol and suicidal behavior—A follow-up study

Lindqvist

Isaksson

Lil-Träskman-Bendz

et al. 2008

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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IntroductionHyperactivity of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis is a common finding in Major DepressiveDisorder. Similar studies on suicide attempters are less abundant, and the results are divergent. The main aim of the present study was to investigate HPA-axis parameters by the time of a suicide attempt and at follow-up in search for associations between HPA axis function and suicidal behavior. MethodsThirty-five suicide attempters and 16 non-suicidal controls were admitted to a psychiatric ward between the years of 1986 an 1992. Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) in cerebrospinal fluid and urinary cortisol were obtained for the suicide attempters. The patients were followed up approximately 12 years after the index admission. Cortisol was measured in saliva, and additional suicide attempts and current psychiatric symptoms were registered. ResultsAt follow up, evening salivary cortisol was lower in suicide attempters compared to controls. Low cortisol levels at follow up were associated with severe psychiatric symptoms. Among women, repeated suicide attempts were associated with low morning and lunch salivary cortisol, and in this subgroup we also found significant correlations between salivary cortisol at follow up, and CRH as well as urinary cortisol at index. ConclusionWe found evidence for an association between low HPA axis activity and suicidal behavior. This could be due to long lasting and severe psychiatric morbidity, which in turn has exhausted the HPA axis of these patients. The potential role of hypocortisolism should be given more attention in studies on suicidal patients.

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Section: Limitations and Strengths Of The Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary cortisol and suicidal behavior—A follow-up study

Lindqvist

Isaksson

Lil-Träskman-Bendz

et al. 2008

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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“…The cortisol-DHEA has mostly been studied in relation to early-onset depression, where extensive findings point to a higher ratio in clinically depressed adolescents (Goodyer et al, 1998;Goodyer et al, 1996;Goodyer et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cortisol-DHEA ratio was calculated by dividing cortisol by DHEA secretion at each of the three time points. A high cortisol to DHEA ratio has been suggested to predispose adolescents to adverse psychological health outcomes (Goodyer, Herbert, & Altham, 1998;Goodyer et al, 1996;Goodyer, Herbert, Tamplin, & Altham, 2000). However, it remains unknown whether this is a consequence of high cortisol or low DHEA or both, which highlights the importance of investigating the secretion of both hormones separately, as well as in their ratio form.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Findings based on research utilising DHEA supplements in aging populations to improve psychological parameters, such as well-being, cognition and memory contribute to this idea, although results between studies are inconsistent (for example, Barnhart et al, 1999;Flynn, Weaver-Osterholtz, Sharpe-Timms, Allen, & Krause, 1999;Morales, Nolan, Nelson, & Yen, 1994;Wolf, Kudielka, Hellhammer, Hellhammer, & Kirschbaum, 1998;Wolf et al, 1997). Some research has found blunted levels of DHEA in the morning to be associated with adolescent depression (Goodyer et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological Stress Regulation in Female Adolescents: A Key Role for Confiding

Oskis

Clow

Loveday

et al. 2014

J Youth Adolescence

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Attachment behaviors play a critical role in regulating emotion within the context of close relationships, and attachment theory is currently used to inform evidence-based practice in the areas of adolescent health and social care. This study investigated the association between female adolescents' interview-based attachment behaviors and two markers of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity: cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Unlike the classic stress hormone cortisol, there is very limited investigation of DHEA-a quintessential developmental hormone-in relation to attachment, especially in adolescents. Fifty-five healthy females mean age 14.36 (± 2.41) years participated in the Attachment Style Interview. A smaller cortisol awakening response was related to anxious attachment attitudes, including more fear of rejection, whereas greater morning basal DHEA secretion was only predicted by lower levels of reported confiding in one's mother. These attachment-hormone relationships may be developmental markers in females, as they were independent of menarche status. These findings highlight that the normative shifts occurring in attachment to caregivers around adolescence are reflected in adolescents' biological stress regulation. We discuss how studying these shifts can be informed by evolutionary-developmental theory.

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“…A third pediatric study revealed elevations of salivary cortisol, again in the evening hours (08:00 h), in 82 8-to 16-year-old major depressives, in comparison to 65 control cases (Goodyer et al, 1996), while longitudinal follow-up of this cohort revealed that chronic depression was marked by cortisol hypersecretion in the evening (Goodyer et al, 2001a). In the adult literature, a number of HPA axis studies in depressed subjects have yielded conflicting results for a multitude of factors, including method of ascertainment, disorder heterogeneity, and the complex circadian and ultradian periodicity of cortisol (see Posener et al, 2000 for a review).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Differentiating Depressed Adolescent 24 h Cortisol Secretion in Light of Their Adult Clinical Outcome

Mathew

Coplan

Goetz

et al. 2003

Neuropsychopharmacol

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A clinical follow-up study was performed of adolescent major depressives and normal control subjects approximately 10 years after the subjects had undergone serial cortisol measurements over a 24-h period. In light of their young adulthood clinical status, our objective was to ascertain whether there were any premorbid cortisol abnormalities associated with depressive course of illness. In all, 77 young adults who had received a diagnosis of adolescent major depressive disorder, or were determined to be normal volunteers free of psychiatric diagnosis at index period and during follow-up, were studied. When subjects were adolescents, blood samples were collected for cortisol at 20-min intervals during the 24-h period coinciding with the third consecutive night of sleep EEG. The subjects, in young adulthood at the time of follow-up, were reinterviewed regarding longitudinal course of illness, and the original adolescent cortisol data were analyzed in the light of information obtained. Of the subjects who had experienced at least one lifetime major depressive episode during the follow-up period, the subgroup who would go on to make suicide attempts during the follow-up period secreted significantly greater levels of cortisol in the 4, 6, and 12 h prior to sleep onset. Conversely, this same subgroup exhibited reduced cortisol levels 2-4 h following sleep onset. Adolescents who are at risk to make suicide attempts appear to display significant elevations of cortisol prior to sleep onset, a time when the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is normally most quiescent. Dysregulation of the HPA axis, combined with dysfunction of sleep-onset mechanisms previously reported in this same cohort, might serve as premorbid biological substrates that predict suicide attempts during follow-up.

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Adrenal secretion during major depression in 8- to 16-year-olds, I. Altered diurnal rhythms in salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) at presentation

Cited by 242 publications

References 36 publications

Salivary cortisol and suicidal behavior—A follow-up study

Salivary cortisol and suicidal behavior—A follow-up study

Biological Stress Regulation in Female Adolescents: A Key Role for Confiding

Differentiating Depressed Adolescent 24 h Cortisol Secretion in Light of Their Adult Clinical Outcome

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