Adrenocortical Function in Deoxycorticosterone Acetate (DOCA)-Hypertensive Yucatan Miniature Swine

Abstract

Adrenocortical function was assessed in six normal and six chronic (> 12 weeks), DOCA-hypertensive Yucatan miniature swine; mean arterial pressures were ll5.3 ± 11.7 and 163.6 ± 27.2 mm Hg, respectively (mean ± SEM). Adrenocortical function was evaluated in vivo by measuring changes in plasma cortisol and aldosterone in response to exogenous ACTH (0.25 mg, iv), and in vitro by measuring the responses of collagenase-isolated adrenocortical cells to ACTH and angiotensin II. Corticoids were measured by specific radioimmunoassay. Basal plasma cortisol values of conscious DOCA-hypertensive swine were approximately 53% of the values of normotensive swine (P < 0.05). However, ACTH induced a 419% increase in plasma cortisol values in DOCA-hypertensive swine compared to a 261% increase in the normotensive swine (P < 0.05). These differences between the two groups were not altered by anesthesia. There were no significant differencesin ACTH-induced changes in plasma aldosterone between the normotensive and DOCA-hypertensive swine. Experiments in vitro showed that the corticoid secretory responses of adrenocortical cells from DOCA-hypertensive animals were . 6 times more sensitive to ACTH and 3.2 times more sensitive to angiotensin II than those of cells from normotensive swine. Thus, despite the possibility of adrenocortical insufficiency due to suppressed plasma renin activity and the negative feedback of DOCA on the hypothalamichypophyseal-adrenal axis, adrenocortical function of DOCA-hypertensive swine was hyperresponsive to trophic hormones. Results from this study suggest that the DOCA-hypertensive swine may be a valuable model in elucidating the relationship between hypertension and adrenocortical function and in investigating nonclassical control of the adrenal cortex, that is, control exerted during the hypertensive state that exists apart from or in addition to that exerted by ACTH and angiotensin II.

Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the adrenal glands of rats in various types of experimental hypertension

“…Hypertension proceeds with significant dysregulation of internal homeostasis not only in terms of disturbed mechanisms regulating blood pressure but also in altered secretion of hormones by endocrine organs ( 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ). Adrenal hormones, which cause the heartbeat to accelerate, have vasoconstrictive properties, as well as regulate water–electrolyte balance and body fluid volume, play a key role in the pathogenesis of hypertension.…”

“…Adrenal hormones, which cause the heartbeat to accelerate, have vasoconstrictive properties, as well as regulate water–electrolyte balance and body fluid volume, play a key role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. A substantial amount of evidence indicates increased catecholamine secretion as well as the abnormal release of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids in hypertension ( 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ).…”