Adrenocortical tumor in a cat secreting more than one type of corticosteroid

Guérios, S. D.; Souza, Carlos Henrique de Melo; Bacon, Nicholas J.

doi:10.1177/2055116915617970

Cited by 11 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…HAC can occur secondarily to adrenal tumours that secrete other hormones, or their intermediates, with glucocorticoid activity (eg, progesterone), either alone or in combination with other sex steroids and/or aldosterone. 20,35,70,79–88 Although uncommon overall, sex steroid-producing tumours appear to be relatively more common in cats than in dogs.…”

Section: Sex Steroid-producing Adrenocortical Tumoursmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peculiarities of feline hyperadrenocorticism: Update on diagnosis and treatment

Boland

Barrs

2017

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Practical relevance: Hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) is a relatively uncommon endocrinopathy of older cats, with a mean age at diagnosis of 10 years. In addition to pituitary-dependent and adrenal-dependent hypercortisolism, clinical signs of HAC can result from adrenal sex steroid-producing tumours. Clinical challenges: While HAC in cats has many similarities to canine HAC, there are key differences in presentation, diagnosis and response to therapy. Most, but not all, cats with HAC have concurrent diabetes mellitus, which is often insulin resistant. Up to a third of cats with HAC have extreme skin fragility and are at high risk of debilitating iatrogenic skin tears during diagnostic or therapeutic interventions. Infections of the skin and nail beds, and urinary, respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, secondary to cortisol-induced immune suppression, are also common. Cats respond differently to dogs to adrenal function tests including adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation and dexamethasone suppression tests; a 10-fold higher dose of dexamethasone is recommended in cats to screen for HAC. Curative treatment options include adrenalectomy or transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. Radiation or medical treatment may improve clinical signs. The response to mitotane therapy is poor. While trilostane is the medical treatment of choice based on retrospective studies, investigations into the pharmacokinetics of this drug in cats are lacking. Global importance: Feline HAC occurs worldwide and is not associated with any purebreed predisposition. Although uncommon, adrenal sex steroid-producing tumours have a higher prevalence in cats than in dogs. Evidence base: The information in this review is drawn from over 180 reported cases of feline HAC. Reports investigating clinical presentation, clinicopathological findings and treatment outcomes are observational, retrospective multiple case series (EBM grade III) or single case reports (EBM grade IV). While most endocrine testing studies for diagnosis are cohort controlled analytical studies (EBM grade III), prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled studies have been performed (EBM grade I).

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Section: Sex Steroid-producing Adrenocortical Tumoursmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peculiarities of feline hyperadrenocorticism: Update on diagnosis and treatment

Boland

Barrs

2017

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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“…Despite being uncommon in both cats and dogs, the prevalence of adrenal sex steroid-producing tumours is higher in cats 24 and a number of cases have been documented in this species. 22,26,29,50–56…”

Section: Abnormalities Associated With Adrenal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Feline abdominal ultrasonography: what’s normal? what’s abnormal? The adrenal glands

Griffin

2021

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Practical relevance: Abdominal ultrasound plays a vital role in the diagnostic work-up of many cats presenting to general and specialist practitioners. Ultrasound examination of the adrenal glands can provide important information pertaining to several conditions including hyperaldosteronism and hyperadrenocorticism. Clinical challenges: Despite ultrasonography being a commonly used modality, many practitioners are not comfortable performing an ultrasound examination or interpreting the resulting images. Even for the experienced ultrasonographer, differentiating between incidental findings, such as adrenal mineralisation, and clinically significant pathological changes can be challenging. Aim: This review, part of an occasional series on feline abdominal ultrasonography, discusses the ultrasonographic examination of the normal and diseased adrenal glands. Aimed at general practitioners who wish to improve their knowledge of and confidence in feline abdominal ultrasound, this review is accompanied by high-resolution images and videos available online as supplementary material. Equipment: Ultrasound facilities are readily available to most practitioners, although the use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool is highly dependent on operator experience. Evidence base: Information provided in this article is drawn from the published literature and the author’s own clinical experience.

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“…Additionally, they can be classified as functional or non‐functional. There are reports describing adrenal tumours secreting cortisol, aldosterone, progestins and catecholamines if adrenal medullary in origin, and combinations of these products 5 6–9. Tumours can be either metastatic or benign.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes mellitus and anterior uveitis secondary to the systemic effects of a functional adrenal tumour in a cat

Toleson

Tamulevicus

Rahilly

2020

Vet Record Case Reports

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A 10-year-old, neutered male domestic longhair (DLH) cat presented for evaluation of cloudiness in the anterior chamber of both eyes. He was diagnosed with anterior uveitis, chorioretinitis and systemic hypertension. An abdominal ultrasound (AUS), adrenal panel and urine metanephrine fractionation test were consistent with an oestradiol-secreting adrenal tumour. Additional testing was consistent with diabetes mellitus (DM) and hyperthyroidism. A right adrenalectomy was performed and the patient was subsequently determined to have hypoadrenocorticism, though mineralocorticoid deficiency never developed. DM and systemic hypertension resolved following adrenalectomy. The patient was reported to have a good quality of life with steroid supplementation. A hepatic mass, cytologically consistent with metastatic disease, was discovered on AUS 2 years following adrenalectomy. The patient subsequently developed congestive heart failure secondary to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and humane euthanasia was performed.

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Adrenocortical tumor in a cat secreting more than one type of corticosteroid

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Peculiarities of feline hyperadrenocorticism: Update on diagnosis and treatment

Peculiarities of feline hyperadrenocorticism: Update on diagnosis and treatment

Feline abdominal ultrasonography: what’s normal? what’s abnormal? The adrenal glands

Diabetes mellitus and anterior uveitis secondary to the systemic effects of a functional adrenal tumour in a cat

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