Adsorbable Organic Halogens (AOX) in Polish Rivers - Levels and Changes

Kaczmarczyk, Anna; Niemirycz, Elżbieta

doi:10.1002/aheh.200300580

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Cl org in soil and water has mainly been studied from an environmental point of view, and the occurrence of Cl org in environmental compartments is generally regarded as a sign of contamination (Kaczmarczyk and Niemirycz 2005). Numerous studies over the years have dealt with the occurrence and distribution of anthropogenic Cl org compounds of ecotoxicological interest, such as DDT, PCBs, and dioxins (Stringer and Johnston 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorine transport in a small catchment in southeast Sweden during two years

et al. 2006

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Previous studies have revealed that chlorine participates in a complex biogeochemical cycle in soil, which suggests that the transport of chloride through catchments may also be influenced. The present study is based on field observations of organic carbon, chloride (Cl in ), and chlorinated organic carbon (Cl org ) in precipitation, soil, and runoff over a 2-year period from a small, forested catchment in southeast Sweden. The study reveals that (1) the soil pool is dominated by Cl org , (2) the input via wet deposition and output of Cl in via runoff is 30 times smaller than the total storage of chlorine (Cl in + Cl org ) in soil, and (3) the transport is dominated by Cl in . The organic matter that entered the outlet of the catchment was more chlorinated in the autumn than during the rest of the year, and rain events taking place in low-flow periods had a greater influence on TOC, Cl org , and Cl in than did rain events taking place in high-flow periods. The seasonal pattern in combination with the low-flow versus high-flow pattern and previous findings of increasing chlorine-to-carbon ratios with soil depth suggests that the chlorine-to-carbon ratio variation in the leached organic matter is due that water preferentially comes from deeper layers in low-flow conditions. This study provides wellfounded estimates of Cl org and Cl in storage and fluxes for the studied catchment; however, the processes underlying the observed seasonal Cl org variations and transportation processes need further study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorine transport in a small catchment in southeast Sweden during two years

et al. 2006

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“…AOX is a general parameter that indicates the total amount of halogenated organics and recent studies have focused on the generation of AOX from wastewater treatment of AOPs [46]. Some studies informed that AOX formation was related to the free chlorine (e.g., Cl 2 , HClO or ClO -) chlorination of organics during AOPs [47,48]. Because toxic, chlorinated 2,4-D herbicide was chosen to be degraded in this study, it was necessary to examine the AOX changes of that target pollutant.…”

Section: 4-d Degradation and Mineralization In Aqueous Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison Performances of Hybrid Sonocatalysis and Sonophotocatalysis on the Elimination of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in Water: Mineralization and Economic Analysis

Dikmen¹,

Okçu²,

Yalçuk³

2022

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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This study compares the removal performances of sonocatalysis (SC) coupled with commercially available titanium dioxide (TiO 2 , P25) and combined sonophotocatalysis (SPC) with H 2 O 2 of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide in aqueous media in batch experiments. A SC process (US/TiO 2 ) with 75 mg/L 2,4-D obtained 65.58 ±0.42% degradation, 7.84 ±1.3% mineralization, and 15.86 ±0.39% oxidation at a pH of 2, and a temperature of 35±1ºC under optimum conditions after 360 minutes, whereas 82.24±2.91% degradation, 44.50 ±0.11% mineralization, and 55.11±0.35% oxidation were obtained after 360 minutes with SPC (US/UVA/TiO 2 -H 2 O 2 ), with the addition of an optimum 250 mg/L of H 2 O 2 . The synergistic index was calculated as 1.77 that indicated the positive effect of the combined system on degradation efficiency when compared with the individual processes. Total costs were obtained as 5072 USD/kg for SC and 4135 USD/kg for SPC, showing the cost efficiency of the hybrid SPC process in comparison to the SC process. The obtained results confirmed that the hybrid SPC process was more effective than the SC process in degrading and mineralizing 2,4-D for removal. Operation time was shorter, energy consumption was lower, and operation cost was lower when compared to the SC process.

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“…It follows from this article that some AOX compounds can form directly during the treating process, especially in anaerobic tanks. Other authors focused rather at the me tho dolo gy AOX analysis in the sludge (Krysell et al, 2008) and the AOX concentration in rivers, such as (Kaczmarczyk, Niemiycz, 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

Relationship between centrifugation and drying of sludge and the organic halogens

Hrich¹,

Groda²

2014

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun.

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This work is focused on determination of adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) concentration in the digested sludge from the sewage treatment plant and the losses of this component during dewatering and drying of sludge. Drying of the sludge from wastewater treatment plant is not extended too much in Czech Republic. In this work, the AOX are monitored, because AOX is one of the limits restraining use of the sludge on an agricultural land. Another reason is technological demand for using the sludge in cement processing, because chlorine in AOX can cause decrease in a heat transfer effect in a cement kiln. It is clear from the results that both centrifuged and dried sludge from the sewage treatment plant Brno fulfilled limits for using sludge on agriculture land. They can also be composted, in case they meet other requirements. If not, it is a possibility of co-incineration in cement kiln. In such case, limit for total chlorine including the AOX is required too. This limit was not exceeded. Another aim was to calculate a mass balance of AOX during the centrifugation and drying processes. It was found out, that after centrifugation the main part of AOX remained in the centrifuged sludge (96.4 %). The rest was drawn-off with reject water. 60 % of AOX in the reject water were dissolved compounds. A similar situation occurred during the drying process. More than 99 % of AOX was bound in the dried sludge. The air and vaporised water contained such quantity of AOX, which corresponded with the amount of the dust in the air and the amount of particles of sludge in vaporised water.

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Adsorbable Organic Halogens (AOX) in Polish Rivers - Levels and Changes

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Chlorine transport in a small catchment in southeast Sweden during two years

Chlorine transport in a small catchment in southeast Sweden during two years

Comparison Performances of Hybrid Sonocatalysis and Sonophotocatalysis on the Elimination of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in Water: Mineralization and Economic Analysis

Relationship between centrifugation and drying of sludge and the organic halogens

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