Adsorption of Polymeric Additives Based on Vinyl Acetate Copolymers as Wax Dispersant and Its Relevance to Polymer Crystallization Mechanisms

Atta, Ayman M.; El-Ghazawy, Rasha A.; Morsy, Fatma A.; Hebishy, Ali M. S.; Elmorsy, Abdullah

doi:10.1155/2015/683109

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…12 Thus, paraffin wax can be emulsified to form an emulsion system by surfactants, significantly reducing fluid viscosity, which is conducive to pipeline transportation. 13 Moreover, surfactants can reduce the adsorption of paraffin wax by converting the wettability of pipeline walls from oilwetting to water-wetting, 14 promoting paraffin wax removal. Although the paraffin wax is effectively removed by surfactants, the separation of emulsified paraffin wax is difficult, generating emulsified wastewater.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Separation of Paraffin Wax by Span 80 Combined with Switchable Water

et al. 2021

Energy Fuels

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In this work, the approach for separating paraffin wax is proposed by using Span 80 combined with switchable water N,N,N′,N′tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine (TMHDA), where the emulsification of paraffin wax can be promoted and paraffin wax is also separated sustainably. Here, the Span 80-containing mixture system exhibits an enhanced emulsification ability and CO 2 -switchable behavior upon the addition of TMHDA. Then, the paraffin wax is effectively emulsified by this switchable system containing Span 80 and TMHDA. Based on the detection of water separation rate, rheological behavior, and micrographs of emulsified paraffin wax, it is found that the emulsification of paraffin wax can be improved by increasing the paraffin wax content and Span 80 content, and the viscosity of the paraffin wax is reduced after emulsification by this switchable system, which ascribes to the dispersion of wax crystals. In addition, the paraffin wax is separated upon introducing CO 2 , and the TMHDA solution is recovered upon treating with N 2 at 65 °C after separating the paraffin wax. The sustainable separation of paraffin wax results from the aggregation of wax crystals because of the reduced obstruction of oil droplets for wax crystals caused by the high ionic strength and the reduced surface activity of this system upon introducing CO 2 . Herein, it is expected that this sustainable separation can be applied in deposited wax removal in pipelines of crude oil transport.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Separation of Paraffin Wax by Span 80 Combined with Switchable Water

et al. 2021

Energy Fuels

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“…As the ambient temperature is further decreased, the point in which these crystals become visible is named cloud point (CP). In contrast, the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) may be described as the lowest temperature in which 20 mL of the fuel is able to pass through a 45 μm filter (mesh size) in 60 s under vacuum pressure (0.02 atm). ,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The temperature in which the flow stops is named pour point (PP). Should this happen, biodiesel becomes too thick to be pumped from the fuel tank to the engine and may clog filters. ,− Thus, problems may arise when biodiesel is exposed to winter temperatures during storage as well as during engine use. ,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cold flow improvers or pour point depressants (PPDs) belong to a class of additives that are able to interfere with the crystallization process during cooling, retarding the formation of the crystal lattice and allowing the fuel to flow at relatively low temperatures. − ,,− The additives must co-crystallize with the fuel crystals and hinder crystal growth. PPDs must be chemically stable and preferably present as a pendent group that is attached to a polymeric chain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bifunctional Additives To Improve the Cold Flow Properties and Oxidation Stability of Soybean Oil Biodiesel

et al. 2020

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Biodiesel is a well-established biofuel that contains unsaturated and saturated fatty esters, and their contents influence oxidation stability and solidification properties, respectively. Also, these properties can be aggravated during use after long-term storage. In this research, a new class of antioxidant/antifreeze bifunctional additives was developed by copolymerization of monomers containing an active site for addition reactions. Hydroquinone was added to these active sites after polymerization, and this chemical modification improved the performance of the additive as an antioxidant and pour point depressant of soybean oil biodiesel. This unique class of bifunctional additives was more soluble in biodiesel than hydroquinone and polymethacrylates at the same molar concentrations. The best performance was obtained by poly(oleyl acrylate-co-stearyl acrylate hydroquinone), which improved the pour point of neat biodiesel (B100) by 10 °C using a charge of just 1000 mg/kg. Also, hydroquinone performed as good as dodecyl acrylate as the pendent group, hindering crystal growth while improving B100 oxidation stability.

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“…In recent years, many reports have suggested that acrylates with long alkyl side chains show a good dispersant effect [6,7]. Copolymers of acrylate monomers with long alkyl side chains and other monomers have also been reported to produce good results [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between a Side Chain Crystalline Block Copolymer and Wax

Yao¹

2018

PPEJ

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To solve these issues, the use of various additives has been proposed. In recent years, we have synthesized a block copolymer of acrylate monomers with long alkyl side chain and solvophilic monomers. The SCCBC, in particular, exerts a very remarkable dispersant effect for a concentrated PE particle dispersion. In this study, we have investigated the influence of the addition of the SCCBC on the crystallization of model wax/oil mixtures, and the temperature dependence on its rheological properties. Examination of the temperature dependence of viscosity or viscoelasticity revealed that the addition of SCCBC prevents the wax/oil mixed system from losing fluidity, even at the low temperatures at which wax would normally solidify. The non-solidification and fluidization effects of the model wax/oil mixed system, described herein, will be helpful in reducing blockages in pipelines for crude oil and in reducing the accumulation of sludge at the bottom of oil storage tanks.

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Adsorption of Polymeric Additives Based on Vinyl Acetate Copolymers as Wax Dispersant and Its Relevance to Polymer Crystallization Mechanisms

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

Sustainable Separation of Paraffin Wax by Span 80 Combined with Switchable Water

Sustainable Separation of Paraffin Wax by Span 80 Combined with Switchable Water

Bifunctional Additives To Improve the Cold Flow Properties and Oxidation Stability of Soybean Oil Biodiesel

Interaction between a Side Chain Crystalline Block Copolymer and Wax

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