Adult Animal Stem Cell-Derived Organoids in Biomedical Research and the One Health Paradigm

Abstract

Preclinical biomedical research is limited by the predictiveness of in vivo and in vitro models. While in vivo models offer the most complex system for experimentation, they are also limited by ethical, financial, and experimental constraints. In vitro models are simplified models that do not offer the same complexity as living animals but do offer financial affordability and more experimental freedom; therefore, they are commonly used. Traditional 2D cell lines cannot fully simulate the complexity of the epithelium of healthy organs and limit scientific progress. The One Health Initiative was established to consolidate human, animal, and environmental health while also tackling complex and multifactorial medical problems. Reverse translational research allows for the sharing of knowledge between clinical research in veterinary and human medicine. Recently, organoid technology has been developed to mimic the original organ’s epithelial microstructure and function more reliably. While human and murine organoids are available, numerous other organoids have been derived from traditional veterinary animals and exotic species in the last decade. With these additional organoid models, species previously excluded from in vitro research are becoming accessible, therefore unlocking potential translational and reverse translational applications of animals with unique adaptations that overcome common problems in veterinary and human medicine.

Exploring the role of antioxidants in sepsis-associated oxidative stress: a comprehensive review

“…As organoids offer numerous advantages over conventional models and have been extensively utilized in both fundamental and clinical research ( Kopper et al., 2021 ; Minkler et al., 2021 ; Bedos et al., 2022 ; Gabriel et al, 2022a ; Gabriel et al., 2022b ; Moshksayan et al., 2023 ; Sahoo et al., 2023b ; Gabriel et al, 2024 ), there are also reports using renal and intestinal organoids in sepsis. The use of organoids pre-treated with LPS serves as an effective means to study the impact of LPS-induced intestinal injury, which closely resembles sepsis, and facilitates the investigation of immune-associated mechanisms as well as the screening of potential therapeutic agents ( Huang et al., 2022 ).…”