Advanced analysis of developmental and ripening characteristics of pollinated common-type fig ( Ficus carica L.)

Rosianski, Yogev; Freiman, Zohar E.; Cochavi, Shira Milo; Yablovitz, Zeev; Kerem, Zohar; Flaishman, Moshe A.

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2015.11.027

Cited by 42 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Despite a previous study by Rosianski et al (2016) showing no difference in ethylene production between parthenocarpic and pollinated fig fruit, two transcripts among the 14 ethylene-biosynthesis-related genes, SAM synthase and SAM2 transcripts ( Figures 6A,B, Supplementary Figure S6 ) showed higher expression levels in pollinated vs. parthenocarpic inflorescences during the ripening process, while SAM3 had higher levels in parthenocarpic and pollinated fruit at 8–9WAP and 10–100% ripening stages, respectively ( Figures 6C,D ). ACS2 and 4 showed extremely low expression levels in both pulp and inflorescence tissues at 8–9WAP and high levels at the 10–100% ripening stages.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Recently, a comparative physiological and morphological analysis of pollination effects on the ‘common fig’-type ‘Brown Turkey’ fruit development and ripening characteristics was performed (Rosianski et al, 2016). In general, pollinated fruit showed altered developmental processes compared to parthenocarpic fruit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ripe pollinated fruit were round, in contrast to the pear-like shape of the parthenocarpic fruit, and they were larger in both diameter and weight, with improved firmness compared to the parthenocarpic fruit. At harvest, pollinated fruit exhibited commercially desirable physical and taste characteristics with advanced fertile nutlets compared to the sterile undeveloped non-bearing nutlets of the parthenocarpic fruit (Rosianski et al, 2016). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tissue-Specific Transcriptome and Hormonal Regulation of Pollinated and Parthenocarpic Fig (Ficus carica L.) Fruit Suggest that Fruit Ripening Is Coordinated by the Reproductive Part of the Syconium

et al. 2016

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In the unconventional climacteric fig (Ficus carica) fruit, pollinated and parthenocarpic fruit of the same genotype exhibit different ripening characteristics. Integrative comparative analyses of tissue-specific transcript and of hormone levels during fruit repining from pollinated vs. parthenocarpic fig fruit were employed to unravel the similarities and differences in their regulatory processes during fruit repining. Assembling tissue-specific transcripts into 147,000 transcripts with 53,000 annotated genes provided new insights into the spatial distribution of many classes of regulatory and structural genes, including those related to color, taste and aroma, storage, protein degradation, seeds and embryos, chlorophyll, and hormones. Comparison of the pollinated and parthenocarpic tissues during fruit ripening showed differential gene expression, especially in the fruit inflorescence. The distinct physiological green phase II and ripening phase III differed significantly in their gene-transcript patterns in both pulp and inflorescence tissues. Gas chromatographic analysis of whole fruits enabled the first determination of ripening-related hormone levels from pollinated and non-pollinated figs. Ethylene and auxin both increased during fruit ripening, irrespective of pollination, whereas no production of active gibberellins or cytokinins was found in parthenocarpic or pollinated ripening fruit. Tissue-specific transcriptome revealed apparent different metabolic gene patterns for ethylene, auxin and ABA in pollinated vs. parthenocarpic fruit, mostly in the fruit inflorescence. Our results demonstrate that the production of abscisic acid (ABA), non-active ABA–GE conjugate and non-active indoleacetic acid (IAA)–Asp conjugate in pollinated fruits is much higher than in parthenocarpic fruits. We suggest that fruit ripening is coordinated by the reproductive part of the syconium and the differences in ABA production between pollinated and parthenocarpic fig fruit might be the key to their different ripening characteristics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tissue-Specific Transcriptome and Hormonal Regulation of Pollinated and Parthenocarpic Fig (Ficus carica L.) Fruit Suggest that Fruit Ripening Is Coordinated by the Reproductive Part of the Syconium

et al. 2016

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“…Pollination slows the ripening process, resulting in larger fruits that consequently become more susceptible to cracking. The pollinated fruit has a greener skin and a darker internal pulp color than the non-pollinated fruit (Oukabli et al 2001;Michailides et al 2008;Rosianski et al 2016). The fruit of the common fig develops laterally in the leaf axils on shoots from the concurrent season (Crane 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During phase I, the fruit changes its size mostly due to rapid cell division, followed by phase II, in which changes in fruit size, color and firmness are arrested. Phase III lasts 2-3 days and is characterized by rapid fruit growth, softening and changes in color, texture, sugar capacity and aroma (Chessa 1997;Freiman et al 2014;Rosianski et al 2016). The fig-ripening process is classified as climacteric, with respiration rate and ethylene production accelerating at the onset of the ripening phase (Marei and Crane 1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorophyll metabolism in pollinated vs. parthenocarpic fig fruits throughout development and ripening

Rosianskey

Dahan²,

Yadav³

et al. 2016

Planta

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Expression of 13 genes encoding chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation was evaluated. Chlorophyll degradation was differentially regulated in pollinated and parthenocarpic fig fruits, leading to earlier chlorophyll degradation in parthenocarpic fruits. Varieties of the common fig typically yield a commercial summer crop that requires no pollination, although it can be pollinated. Fig fruit pollination results in larger fruit size, greener skin and darker interior inflorescence color, and slows the ripening process compared to non-pollinated fruits. We evaluated the effect of pollination on chlorophyll content and levels of transcripts encoding enzymes of the chlorophyll metabolism in fruits of the common fig 'Brown Turkey'. We cloned and evaluated the expression of 13 different genes. All 13 genes showed high expression in the fruit skin, inflorescences and leaves, but extremely low expression in roots. Pollination delayed chlorophyll breakdown in the ripening fruit skin and inflorescences. This was correlated with the expression of genes encoding enzymes in the chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation pathways. Expression of pheophorbide a oxygenase (PAO) was strongly negatively correlated with chlorophyll levels during ripening in pollinated fruits; along with its high expression levels in yellow leaves, this supports a pivotal role for PAO in chlorophyll degradation in figs. Normalizing expression levels of all chlorophyll metabolism genes in the pollinated and parthenocarpic fruit skin and inflorescences showed three synthesis (FcGluTR1, FcGluTR2 and FcCLS1) and three degradation (FcCLH1, FcCLH2 and FcRCCR1) genes with different temporal expression in the pollinated vs. parthenocarpic fruit skin and inflorescences. FcCAO also showed different expressions in the parthenocarpic fruit skin. Thus, chlorophyll degradation is differentially regulated in the pollinated and parthenocarpic fruit skin and inflorescences, leading to earlier and more sustained chlorophyll degradation in the parthenocarpic fruit.

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Fig Tree Genome and Diversity

Bandelj

Arbeiter

Hladnik

2023

Fig (Ficus Carica): Production, Processing, and Properties

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Advanced analysis of developmental and ripening characteristics of pollinated common-type fig ( Ficus carica L.)

Cited by 42 publications

References 30 publications

Tissue-Specific Transcriptome and Hormonal Regulation of Pollinated and Parthenocarpic Fig (Ficus carica L.) Fruit Suggest that Fruit Ripening Is Coordinated by the Reproductive Part of the Syconium

Tissue-Specific Transcriptome and Hormonal Regulation of Pollinated and Parthenocarpic Fig (Ficus carica L.) Fruit Suggest that Fruit Ripening Is Coordinated by the Reproductive Part of the Syconium

Chlorophyll metabolism in pollinated vs. parthenocarpic fig fruits throughout development and ripening

Fig Tree Genome and Diversity

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