Advanced applications of tunable ferrofluids in energy systems and energy harvesters: A critical review

Flexible Ferrofluids: Design and Applications

“…In a typical ferrofluid energy harvesting system, the sloshing of ferrofluids or air droplets immersed in ferrofluids could cause a time‐varying magnetic flux, which could then produce electric voltage and current in outer coil according to electromagnetic induction . In this way, mechanical motion energy directly transformed into electric energy.…”

“…Based on the significant progress in both theoretical and technical aspects, a large number of breakthroughs have been reported and the application fields of ferrofluids have been largely expanded. Apart from employing them widely in energy and mechanical engineering areas, researchers also associate ferrofluids with novel optical or polymerizable materials and thus develop multiple kinds of composite materials such as polymer‐like architectures, magnetically responsive photonic crystals, and microrobots . Besides, when integrated into microfluidic systems, ferrofluids are found to achieve a broad range of applications from droplet manipulation to on‐demand synthesis and detection .…”

“…Although ferrofluids have been studied for more than half a century, and much progress has been achieved, the fascinating properties and applications of these materials are rarely reviewed. In addition, most emerged reviews on this topic have focused only on their magnetic properties and complied physical equations or certain aspects of their applications, such as targeted drug delivery, optical materials, droplet microfluidics, and energy harvesting . Thus, an overall and systematic review on the design and applications of ferrofluids is highly desired to arouse a lot of inspiration from scientists with diverse backgrounds.…”

“…In addition, most emerged reviews on this topic have focused only on their magnetic properties and complied physical equations or certain aspects of their applications, [15,16,20,33] such as targeted drug delivery, [29,34] optical materials, [18,35] droplet microfluidics, [28,[36][37][38] and energy harvesting. [23,39] Thus, an overall and systematic review on the design and applications of ferrofluids is highly desired to arouse a lot of inspiration from scientists with diverse backgrounds.Herein, we comprehensively summarize the applications and the corresponding properties and also discuss recent advances in the design of ferrofluidic platforms and future outlook in the ferrofluidic field. To start with, we will discuss materials generated with the help of ferrofluids or consisting of ferrofluids, including ferrofluid template-based arrays, ferrofluid-assisted self-assembled nanoparticles, ferrofluidloaded soft robots, and magnetically responsive photonic structures.…”

A Newtonian thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication model for ferrofluid‐lubricated involute spur gear pair

“…Ferrofluids have lower thermal conductivity concerning metal or metal oxide nanofluid, but its controllable characteristics make it an ideal working fluid in thermal systems . Khairul et al reviewed the recent articles on ferrofluids to compare the reported characteristics of such fluids, which are critical to the fluid flow and heat transfer phenomenon. Mousavi et al studied numerically the effect of a magnetic field on heat flow of ferrofluid in a helical tube, and Reynolds number on heat transfer rate and pressure drop were investigated.…”