Advanced Byzantine cement based composites resisting earthquake stresses: the crushed brick/lime mortars of Justinian's Hagia Sophia

Moropoulou, Α.; Çakmak, A. Ş.; Biscontin, Guido; Bakolas, A.; Zendri, Elisabetta

doi:10.1016/s0950-0618(02)00005-3

Cited by 135 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Also, at early ages (28 curing days) the degree of carbonation was negligible as the amount of Ca(OH) 2 , which changes slightly, shows in the TG results (Table 6). (1:3) radio is the most suitable mixture for repair mortars, due to its highest strength [3]; (ii) the occurrence of some cracks due to the shrinkage when the binder amount increase above of (1:3) ratio [7]; (iii) the low strengths mainly achieved by lime mortars [13,15]; (iv) the increment of strength when aggregate content increases [23]. Cement-based mortars also increase in strength when binder proportions are raised [1].…”

Section: Influence Of Curing Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in several recent cases, extensive damage to the ancient masonry due to incompatibility of the cementbased mortars with the old materials has been clearly established [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other questions refer to the most suitable binder:aggregate ratio: Cazalla et al [7] suggest a new repair lime mortar with binder:aggregate ratios  1:4, because the mortar is more rigid and with fewer cracks than 1:3, but Moropoulou et al [3] suggest that 1:3 could be selected as the proper ratio for restoration syntheses. In any case, in the previously cited works, the small amount of samples studied hinders the establishing of significant conclusions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Masonry repair lime-based mortars: factors affecting the mechanical behavior

Lanas

Álvarez

2003

Cement and Concrete Research

346

159

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ABSTRACT:The increasing use of lime-based mortars for the restoration of historic buildings and structures justifies the research on these materials. The focus of this paper is the effect of technological variables on pore structure and mechanical properties of lime-based mortars. The influence of curing time, binder:aggregate ratio, aggregate attributes and porosity is discussed. Mortars prepared with aerial lime, varying aggregate types and binder:aggregate ratios ranging from (1:1) to (1:5) by volume were tested. Compressive and flexural strength measurements, as well as X-ray diffraction and thermal studies, were performed after 3, 7, 28, 91, 182 and 365 days. A strong increase in strength of mortar mixtures after 365 curing days (as compared to 28 curing days) is found. In spite of the fact that larger amounts of binder increase the total porosity, the strength of these mixtures is also increased. A good interlocked structure is obtained as binder contents increase. Also, higher porosities allow better portlandite carbonation. A relationship between mechanical properties and pore structure was established. However, in case of binder excess, the increase in voids leads to a strength reduction. The use of calcareous aggregates improves strength more as compared to the use of siliceous aggregates. Factors as grain size distribution and grain shape of the aggregates have also been considered.

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Section: Influence Of Curing Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in several recent cases, extensive damage to the ancient masonry due to incompatibility of the cementbased mortars with the old materials has been clearly established [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Masonry repair lime-based mortars: factors affecting the mechanical behavior

Lanas

Álvarez

2003

Cement and Concrete Research

346

159

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“…Some previous works have insisted upon the compatibility between the new repair mortar and the original components of the masonry [3][4][5][6]. The use of cement-based mortars in the restoration works, extensive damage to the ancient masonry has now been established [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of cement-based mortars in the restoration works, extensive damage to the ancient masonry has now been established [4][5][6]. Cement-based mortars have shown problems related to a high content of soluble salts, lower permeability and excessively high compressive strength [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of masonry repair dolomitic lime-based mortars

Lanas

Bernal

Bello

et al. 2006

Cement and Concrete Research

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180 different mortars made with a dolomitic lime and different aggregates were prepared in order to be used in restoration works. This paper focuses on the effect of technological variables on pore structure and mechanical properties of dolomitic lime-based mortars. Compressive and flexural strengths of the specimens were discussed according to curing time, binder:aggregate ratios, attributes of the aggregates and porosity, at long-term tests.A strong increase in the strength of mortars has been found after 365 curing days as compared to 28 curing days. The strength has been mainly attributed to the portlandite carbonation, because no significant changes have been observed in the brucite. However, higher strengths than similar aerial lime-based mortars led to think in other mechanism which increases the strength: the calcite formation through a reaction of dedolomitization (alkali carbonate reaction, ACR) and the brucite crystallization were discussed.The pore structure has presented a significant influence on the strength. More binder amounts mean more strength due to the higher values of open porosity, which allows the carbonation process. The aggregate characteristics have been correlated with the strength and porosity. Limestone and angle-shaped aggregates, reducing large pores, cause a strength increment.

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