Advanced clinical imaging for the evaluation of stem cell based therapies

Klontzas, Michail E.; Kakkos, George A.; Papadakis, Georgios Z.; Marias, Kostas; Karantanas, Apostolos H.

doi:10.1080/14712598.2021.1890711

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…In the era of stem cells and regenerative medicine, where artificial MSK tissues are slowly infiltrating the market, 53 MSK radiologists will be called on to evaluate implanted stem cell tissues, assess for implant failure, and distinguish between normal healing and complications such as infection and graft-versus-host disease. 54 The multitude of materials used in tissue engineering with variable cellular and extracellular components (e.g., water, fat, fibrous tissue) is linked to a highly variable imaging appearance that has not been studied systematically in a clinical context. Evaluation of the imaging appearance of artificial tissues should become one of the major focuses of MSK radiology research so that radiologists are adequately prepared for this contemporary challenge.…”

Section: Where Do We Want To Go?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Research in Musculoskeletal Radiology: Setting Goals and Strategic Directions

Klontzas

Karantanas

2022

Semin Musculoskelet Radiol

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The future of musculoskeletal (MSK) radiology is being built on research developments in the field. Over the past decade, MSK imaging research has been dominated by advancements in molecular imaging biomarkers, artificial intelligence, radiomics, and novel high-resolution equipment. Adequate preparation of trainees and specialists will ensure that current and future leaders will be prepared to embrace and critically appraise technological developments, will be up to date on clinical developments, such as the use of artificial tissues, will define research directions, and will actively participate and lead multidisciplinary research. This review presents an overview of the current MSK research landscape and proposes tangible future goals and strategic directions that will fortify the future of MSK radiology.

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Section: Where Do We Want To Go?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Research in Musculoskeletal Radiology: Setting Goals and Strategic Directions

Klontzas

Karantanas

2022

Semin Musculoskelet Radiol

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“…The use of clinical-grade imaging methods for the visualisation of artificial tissues is imperative for the clinical translation of tissue engineering applications. Clinical-grade imaging methods include computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET), as well as hybrid methods such as PET–MRI and PET–CT [ 6 , 48 ]. Such methods are widely used in everyday clinical practice, and can be utilised at several stages of artificial tissue development, starting from the design of the tissue construct, and continuing with the in vitro monitoring of the pre-implantation maturation period and the in vivo monitoring of post-implantation integration with surrounding tissues [ 49 ].…”

Section: Overview Of High-resolution Imaging Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The appearance of cancellous bone on MRI greatly depends on the cellular and acellular content between bone trabeculae. MRI signal depends on the balance between the water and fat contents of the construct, the number of labelled cells present, the type of scaffold used, the number of dead cells, and the presence of local inflammation [ 6 ]. Advanced confocal microscopy techniques can enable the in vitro cell-by-cell characterisation of the bone stroma in artificial tissues [ 72 ]; however, clinical-grade methods do not afford such a level of detail.…”

Section: Tissue-specific Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This represents a major shortcoming of preclinical studies, which largely utilize μCT to assess tissue growth. The information provided by such μCT studies has limited application in the clinical setting, and does not promote the direct translation of the findings to humans, which requires the utilisation of purely clinical-grade methods [ 6 ].…”

Section: Tissue-specific Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-invasive visualisation techniques can offer an alternative way to monitor the cell microenvironment in various study models in vitro, ex vivo, or even in vivo. Furthermore, imaging techniques are the way forward for the evaluation of biomaterials in patients as part of a regenerative medicine treatment [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Resolution Imaging for the Analysis and Reconstruction of 3D Microenvironments for Regenerative Medicine: An Application-Focused Review

Klontzas

Protonotarios

2021

Bioengineering

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The rapid evolution of regenerative medicine and its associated scientific fields, such as tissue engineering, has provided great promise for multiple applications where replacement and regeneration of damaged or lost tissue is required. In order to evaluate and optimise the tissue engineering techniques, visualisation of the material of interest is crucial. This includes monitoring of the cellular behaviour, extracellular matrix composition, scaffold structure, and other crucial elements of biomaterials. Non-invasive visualisation of artificial tissues is important at all stages of development and clinical translation. A variety of preclinical and clinical imaging methods—including confocal multiphoton microscopy, optical coherence tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT)—have been used for the evaluation of artificial tissues. This review attempts to present the imaging methods available to assess the composition and quality of 3D microenvironments, as well as their integration with human tissues once implanted in the human body. The review provides tissue-specific application examples to demonstrate the applicability of such methods on cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and neural tissue engineering.

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Metal‐based nanomaterials and nanocomposites as promising frontier in cancer chemotherapy

Kumar

Shukla

Sharma

et al. 2023

MedComm

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Cancer is a disease associated with complex pathology and one of the most prevalent and leading reasons for mortality in the world. Current chemotherapy has challenges with cytotoxicity, selectivity, multidrug resistance, and the formation of stemlike cells. Nanomaterials (NMs) have unique properties that make them useful for various diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in cancer research. NMs can be engineered to target cancer cells for early detection and can deliver drugs directly to cancer cells, reducing side effects and improving treatment efficacy. Several of NMs can also be used for photothermal therapy to destroy cancer cells or enhance immune response to cancer by delivering immune‐stimulating molecules to immune cells or modulating the tumor microenvironment. NMs are being modified to overcome issues, such as toxicity, lack of selectivity, increase drug capacity, and bioavailability, for a wide spectrum of cancer therapies. To improve targeted drug delivery using nano‐carriers, noteworthy research is required. Several metal‐based NMs have been studied with the expectation of finding a cure for cancer treatment. In this review, the current development and the potential of plant and metal‐based NMs with their effects on size and shape have been discussed along with their more effective usage in cancer diagnosis and treatment.

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Advanced clinical imaging for the evaluation of stem cell based therapies

Cited by 8 publications

References 107 publications

Research in Musculoskeletal Radiology: Setting Goals and Strategic Directions

Research in Musculoskeletal Radiology: Setting Goals and Strategic Directions

High-Resolution Imaging for the Analysis and Reconstruction of 3D Microenvironments for Regenerative Medicine: An Application-Focused Review

Metal‐based nanomaterials and nanocomposites as promising frontier in cancer chemotherapy

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