Advanced Geopolymerization Technology

Amritphale, S. S.; Bhardwaj, Pooja; Gupta, Rainy

doi:10.5772/intechopen.87250

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A geopolymer is formed by combining a dry solid containing high aluminosilicate content, called a precursor, with alkaline solution and other ingredients if needed [ 114 ]. It is a semicrystalline, three-dimensional structure made of the tetrahedral structures of silica and alumina that share oxygen [ 115 ]. Geopolymer precursor can be obtained in two ways: from geological origin or industrial by-products.…”

Section: Injection Moulding Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of New Sustainable Green Geopolymer Metal Composite (GGMC) Material as Mould Insert for Rapid Tooling (RT) in Injection Moulding Process

et al. 2023

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The investigation of mould inserts in the injection moulding process using metal epoxy composite (MEC) with pure metal filler particles is gaining popularity among researchers. Therefore, to attain zero emissions, the idea of recycling metal waste from industries and workshops must be investigated (waste free) because metal recycling conserves natural resources while requiring less energy to manufacture new products than virgin raw materials would. The utilisation of metal scrap for rapid tooling (RT) in the injection moulding industry is a fascinating and potentially viable approach. On the other hand, epoxy that can endure high temperatures (>220 °C) is challenging to find and expensive. Meanwhile, industrial scrap from coal-fired power plants can be a precursor to creating geopolymer materials with desired physical and mechanical qualities for RT applications. One intriguing attribute of geopolymer is its ability to endure temperatures up to 1000 °C. Nonetheless, geopolymer has a higher compressive strength of 60–80 MPa (8700–11,600 psi) than epoxy (68.95 MPa) (10,000 psi). Aside from its low cost, geopolymer offers superior resilience to harsh environments and high compressive and flexural strength. This research aims to investigate the possibility of generating a new sustainable material by integrating several types of metals in green geopolymer metal composite (GGMC) mould inserts for RT in the injection moulding process. It is necessary to examine and investigate the optimal formulation of GGMC as mould inserts for RT in the injection moulding process. With less expensive and more ecologically friendly components, the GGMC is expected to be a superior choice as a mould insert for RT. This research substantially impacts environmental preservation, cost reduction, and maintaining and sustaining the metal waste management system. As a result of the lower cost of recycled metals, sectors such as mould-making and machining will profit the most.

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Section: Injection Moulding Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of New Sustainable Green Geopolymer Metal Composite (GGMC) Material as Mould Insert for Rapid Tooling (RT) in Injection Moulding Process

et al. 2023

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“…Researchers in the field of cementing are currently examining the characteristics of several geopolymers under wellbore conditions . Geopolymers are produced by the geopolymerization of aluminosilicate substances dissolved in alkali hydroxides and/or soluble silicates at room temperature or high temperatures, forming an amorphous to semicrystalline 3D silicoaluminate network structure. − Geopolymerization refers to geosynthesis, i.e., synthesis of chemically integrated minerals . The geopolymerization reaction forms viscous cementitious slurry that, after hardening, creates a strong, durable, and compact geopolymeric substance …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23−25 Geopolymerization refers to geosynthesis, i.e., synthesis of chemically integrated minerals. 26 The geopolymerization reaction forms viscous cementitious slurry that, after hardening, creates a strong, durable, and compact geopolymeric substance. 27 In comparison to OPC, the geopolymer production process is cleaner, and the source materials do not consume that much energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Heavy-Weight Hematite-Based Geopolymers for Oil and Gas Well Cementing

2023

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In the petroleum industry, ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is utilized for different cementing applications. Yet, there are some technical and environmental issues for the usage of OPC in well cementing. The technical problems include gas invasion while setting, instability at corrosive environments, cement failure while perforation and fracturing due to high stiffness and brittleness, and strength reduction and thermal instability at elevated temperatures. Moreover, OPC production consumes massive energy and generates high greenhouse gas emissions. This study introduced the first hematite-based class F fly ash geopolymer formulation that can be used in oil and gas well cementing. Different properties of the designed slurry and hardened samples such as rheology, thickening time, strength, and elastic and petrophysical properties were evaluated. Moreover, mixability and pumpability challenges of heavy-weight geopolymer slurries were investigated. Unlike most of the studies in the literature, this work used 4 M NaOH solution only as an activator that can reduce the overall cost. The results showed that increasing the hematite percentage significantly decreased the thickening time. The developed formulation fell within the recommended fluid loss ranges for some cementing applications without using a fluid loss control additive. A proposed mixture of retarder and superplasticizer was introduced to enhance the thickening time by almost 5 times. The compressive strength increased by 49% and the tensile strength was enhanced by 27.4% by increasing the curing time from 1 to 7 days. The improvement in both compressive and tensile strength with curing time indicated that the geopolymerization reaction continued for extended time but with a smaller rate. The developed slurry acted more like a power law fluid at low temperatures and more like a Bingham plastic fluid at high temperatures. The elastic properties of the developed geopolymer samples proved that they are more flexible than some cement systems.

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“…Geopolymer is an inorganic polymer with typical ceramic behavior that has been developed as an industrial material to substitute Portland cement. Geopolymer formation has occurred from polymerization between alkaline activated materials and aluminum silicate source materials [6]. The good mechanical and physical properties of geopolymer encourage its studies as biomaterials, such as vehicles for drug delivery [7,8] and bone substitutes [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2023

J. Med. Chem. Sci.

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Bone substitute materials in the current use sustain several drawbacks such as donor site morbidity, induce immunity, availability, and economic production. New synthetic bone substitutes are needed that overcome these drawbacks. This study aimed to produce a porous geopolymer and evaluate its usefulness as a bone substitute. Metakaolin-based geopolymer with different porosity percentages and sizes was produced by the addition of hydrogen peroxide and olive oil in different ratios to the geopolymer paste. Image J analysis had used to calculate the porosity percentage and size. Geopolymers with the highest porosity percentage and size range were selected for in vivo testing on animals. In the in vivo study, porous geopolymer was implanted in femur bones of 12 rabbits. The right femur of each rabbit served as the positive control (using the commercial bone replacement TEEBON®), and the negative control group received no treatment. The left femur was used to implant the geopolymer. Two and four weeks after implantation, biopsies were performed for histological analysis. After two and four weeks, a histological examination of the implanted material revealed the development of bone trabeculae with minimal inflammation. As compared with commercial bone substitutes, geopolymers improved bone formation. Owing to the results, porous geopolymers could be the promising materials for bone substitutes, as they are available and cost effective.

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Advanced Geopolymerization Technology

Cited by 13 publications

References 31 publications

Potential of New Sustainable Green Geopolymer Metal Composite (GGMC) Material as Mould Insert for Rapid Tooling (RT) in Injection Moulding Process

Potential of New Sustainable Green Geopolymer Metal Composite (GGMC) Material as Mould Insert for Rapid Tooling (RT) in Injection Moulding Process

Development of Heavy-Weight Hematite-Based Geopolymers for Oil and Gas Well Cementing

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