Advanced Materials and Processes at the Nano/Micro Scale in Covering Materials of Greenhouses for Energy Savings Advanced Materials Used as Greenhouse Coverings

Charitidis, Costas A.; Pantelakis, Spiros; Bontozoglou, V.; Kontonasios, L.; Kavga, Angeliki; Charitidis, Panagiotis J.

doi:10.1002/9780470610794.ch56

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Ethyl-vinyl-acetate, anti-fog, and infrared additives are also integrated into the plastics to prevent fog formation and transmission of harmful IR radiation [15]. Even though the stabilizers improve the optical and mechanical properties of the cladding materials for greenhouses, selected stabilizers contain heavy metals such as lead and cadmium, which are toxic to human health (cytotoxicity) [2,45]. Nonetheless, heavy metal stabilizers do not pose any direct risk to plants grown under greenhouses covered with PVC materials in-situ-the risk emerges during recycling.…”

Section: Additives Fillers Reinforcements and Colorantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After considering the limitations of mechanical recycling, chemical recycling is explored. Chemical recycling of plastics involves mixing the PVC plastic waste with other materials that contain low PVC content [45]. The only constraint is that effective chemical recycling methods are still under development.…”

Section: Supplemental Lightingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In brief, the changes to From an ecological perspective, the utility of mechanical recycling of plastics is only beneficial if the plastics are sorted and the products recycled for applications that are typical of plastics. Therefore, the utilization of plastic waste to generate substitutes for concrete, such as wall and flooring materials, is non-value adding [45]. As noted in the previous section, the PVC greenhouse materials contain heavy metal stabilizers, which might be released into the environment during mechanical recycling.…”

Section: Closed-loop Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Sustainability of Greenhouse Covering Materials

Maraveas

2019

Sustainability

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The fundamental objective of the review article was to explore the ecological sustainability of greenhouse covering material based on the following themes; considerations for greenhouse materials, properties of polymers and glass, additives, fillers, stabilizers and reinforcements, performance, Ultraviolet (UV) transmittance, phase change materials (PCMs), and environmental sustainability. A comparison of various polymers (polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylic, D-polymer, Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), polyolefins), and silica glasses illustrated that each type of greenhouse cladding material has its unique merits and limitations. The performance of silica glasses, PVC, polyolefins was influenced by weather, greenhouse design, plant under cultivation, percentage UV transmittance, incorporation of additives and stabilizers, reinforcements, and integration of photovoltaic panels into the greenhouse roof among other factors. Polymers can be customized to achieve 0%UV transmittance, slow-insecticide release, and anti-microbial properties. In contrast, glass materials are preferred based on suitable photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) transmittance and near-infrared (NIR) reflection and less risk of photo-oxidation. From an ecological perspective, polymers can be recycled via mechanical and chemical recycling, closed-loop cycling, and polymerization of bio-based feedstock. However, post-consumer plastic films do not possess the same optical and energy properties as virgin polymers. The combined benefits of different polymers suggest that these materials could be adopted on a large scale over the long-term.

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Section: Additives Fillers Reinforcements and Colorantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Supplemental Lightingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Closed-loop Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Sustainability of Greenhouse Covering Materials

Maraveas

2019

Sustainability

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Sustainable Greenhouse Covering Materials with Nano- and Micro-Particle Additives for Enhanced Radiometric and Thermal Properties and Performance

et al. 2023

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This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of nano- and microscopic materials that can provide thermal radiation insulation without reducing visible light transmittance, thereby reducing heat loss and conserving energy in greenhouses. We also reviewed the radial and thermal properties of greenhouse covering materials. Fillers, colorants, reinforcers, and additives, as well as glass, plastic film, and plastic sheet materials, were discussed. Additionally, by searching for keywords like insulation film, insulation agent, and infrared insulation, compounds based on graphene and fullerene as well as phase transition materials (PCMs) that may be used for radiation insulation, we proposed their potential use in greenhouse covers. They can be divided into semi-transparent photovoltaic (PV) materials, zinc oxide-based film fillers, and silica filter films. We discussed the radiation heat insulation and light transmission characteristics of these materials. Nano-synthesis techniques were also investigated. Based on latest advances in the literature, future developments in the micro- and macroscale synthesis of nanomaterials will enable additional innovations in covering materials for greenhouse structures. A limiting factor, though, was the high sensitivity of PVs to external climatic and meteorological variables. The ability of materials used to make greenhouse covers to control the microclimate, reduce CO2 emissions, use less energy, and increase agricultural productivity, however, cannot be disputed. Similar to this, a thorough examination of the uses of various greenhouse technologies reveals that the advancements also have financial advantages, particularly in terms of reducing greenhouse heating and cooling expenses. The PCMs, which decreased greenhouse-operating costs by maintaining constant ambient temperatures, provide ample evidence of this.

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Advanced Materials and Processes at the Nano/Micro Scale in Covering Materials of Greenhouses for Energy Savings Advanced Materials Used as Greenhouse Coverings

Cited by 2 publications

References 5 publications

Environmental Sustainability of Greenhouse Covering Materials

Environmental Sustainability of Greenhouse Covering Materials

Sustainable Greenhouse Covering Materials with Nano- and Micro-Particle Additives for Enhanced Radiometric and Thermal Properties and Performance

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