Advanced Materials Design for Adsorption of Toxic Substances in Cigarette Smoke

Abstract

Cigarettes, despite being economically important legal consumer products, are highly addictive and harmful, particularly to the respiratory system. Tobacco smoke is a complex mixture containing over 7000 chemical compounds, 86 of which are identified to have "sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity" in either animal or human tests. Thus, tobacco smoke poses a significant health risk to humans. This article focuses on materials that help reduce the levels of major carcinogens in cigarette smoke; these include nicotine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, and formaldehyde. Specifically, the research progress on adsorption effects and mechanisms of advanced materials such as cellulose, zeolite, activated carbon, graphene, and molecularly imprinted polymers are highlighted. The future trends and prospects in this field are also discussed. Notably, with advancements in supramolecular chemistry and materials engineering, the design of functionally oriented materials has become increasingly multidisciplinary. Certainly, several advanced materials can play a critical role in reducing the harmful effects of cigarette smoke. This review aims to serve as an insightful reference for the design of hybrid and functionally oriented advanced materials.

Novel DNA methylation changes in mouse lungs associated with heavy smoking

“…Cigarette smoke is a complex mixture of over 7000 components [41][42][43][44] , which affect virtually all body systems via mechanisms such as inflammation and DNA damage. While the processes linking smoking and adverse health outcomes are poorly understood, DNA methylation alterations have been identified as possible links due to their sensitivity to the environment and relative stability 45 .…”

Biobased Aerogels Fabricated by the Ice Crystal Method for Smoke Purifying

“…However, among traditional cigarette filters, such as cellulose acetate cigarette filters, polypropylene cigarette filters, and polylactic acid cigarette filters, either low filtration efficiency or nondegradability cannot meet the current need for smoke filters. Consequently, to adsorb toxic chemicals from smoke, large amounts of functional purification materials are explored, such as silica, − zeolites, graphene and oxidized carbon nanocages, etc. Huang’s group investigated a nicotine surface-imprinted monolith for the selective removal of nicotine from smoke, and it exhibited a high adsorption performance with an adsorption efficiency of 99.43% .…”

Surface active functional groups enhanced PET non‐woven fabric for the filtering of harmful substances in smoke

“…Smoking is one of the leading causes of premature death worldwide, killing nearly 8 million people every year, including 1.2 million from secondhand smoke [1]. It is associated with a variety of health risks, including respiratory and cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancers [2,3].…”

“…To reduce the content of harmful substances in cigarettes, cigarette filter materials have been developed using advanced materials such as cellulose-based materials [7], molecular sieves [1], and carbon-based materials [8]. Cellulose acetate filters can remove approximately 50% of nicotine and tar, as well as some harmful components such as phenols from cigarette smoke while maintaining flavour [9].…”