Advanced Methods for Detection of Bacillus cereus and Its Pathogenic Factors

Ramarao, Nalini; Tran, Seav-Ly; Marin, Marco; Vidić, Jasmina

doi:10.3390/s20092667

Cited by 82 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 133 publications

(177 reference statements)

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“…However, their precise role in bacterial pathogenesis is still uncertain, although their involvement in virulence has been suggested due to their toxic effects on cellular models, insects or mammals. Unlike B. anthracis, B. thuringiensis and the specific B. cereus emetic strains, whose toxin genes are carried by plasmids, B. cereus virulence factors are specified by genes located on the chromosome and the virulence is probably multifactorial [20,38,39]. Among them, CwpFM, formerly identified as an enterotoxin, is in fact a cell wall peptidase of the NLPC_P60 family of peptidases, which is one of the most abundant secreted cell wall peptidase CWP families.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Modeling of Cell Wall Peptidase CwpFM (EntFM) Reveals Distinct Intrinsically Disordered Extensions Specific to Pathogenic Bacillus cereus Strains

Tran

Cormontagne

Vidić

et al. 2020

Toxins

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The emergence of B. cereus as an opportunistic food-borne pathogen has intensified the need to distinguish strains of public health concern. The heterogeneity of the diseases associated with B. cereus infections emphasizes the versatility of these bacteria strains to colonize their host. Nevertheless, the molecular basis of these differences remains unclear. Several toxins are involved in virulence, particularly in gastrointestinal disorders, but there are currently no biological markers able to differentiate pathogenic from harmless strains. We have previously shown that CwpFM is a cell wall peptidase involved in B. cereus virulence. Here, we report a sequence/structure/function characterization of 39 CwpFM sequences, chosen from a collection of B. cereus with diverse virulence phenotypes, from harmless to highly pathogenic strains. CwpFM is homology-modeled in silico as an exported papain-like endopeptidase, with an N-terminal end composed of three successive bacterial Src Homology 3 domains (SH3b1–3) likely to control protein–protein interactions in signaling pathways, and a C-terminal end that contains a catalytic NLPC_P60 domain primed to form a competent active site. We confirmed in vitro that CwpFM is an endopeptidase with a moderate peptidoglycan hydrolase activity. Remarkably, CwpFMs from pathogenic strains harbor a specific stretch of twenty residues intrinsically disordered, inserted between the SH3b3 and the catalytic NLPC_P60 domain. This strongly suggests this linker as a marker of differentiation between B. cereus strains. We believe that our findings improve our understanding of the pathogenicity of B. cereus while advancing both clinical diagnosis and food safety.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Modeling of Cell Wall Peptidase CwpFM (EntFM) Reveals Distinct Intrinsically Disordered Extensions Specific to Pathogenic Bacillus cereus Strains

Tran

Cormontagne

Vidić

et al. 2020

Toxins

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“…However, the detection techniques of B. cereus and its virulence factors are strongly limited [ 5 , 110 , 114 ], and B. cereus diagnostic method is still a field to be developed [ 135 ]. The widely used nucleic acid-based detection technology cannot accurately determine the bacterial activity and toxin expression [ 110 , 114 ].…”

Section: Virulence Factors Of Bacillus Cereus Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Bacillus cereus in Dairy Products in China

Liu

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Bacillus cereus is a common and ubiquitous foodborne pathogen with an increasing prevalence rate in dairy products in China. High and unmet demands for such products, particularly milk, raise the risk of B. cereus associated contamination. The presence of B. cereus and its virulence factors in dairy products may cause food poisoning and other illnesses. Thus, this review first summarizes the epidemiological characteristics and analytical assays of B. cereus from dairy products in China, providing insights into the implementation of intervention strategies. In addition, the recent achievements on the cytotoxicity and mechanisms of B. cereus are also presented to shed light on the therapeutic options for B. cereus associated infections.

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“…A B. cereus és toxinjainak kimutatására alkalmazható PCR és RT-PCR a hagyományos tenyésztés mellett. Az élelmiszer-eredetű járványok bizonyítása során a pulzáltatott mezejű gélelektroforézis terjedt el először, de a multiplex PCR-technika vált az elmúlt években az "arany standard" eljárássá a gyorsasága, a differenciáldiagnosztikában betöltött szerepe miatt [14].…”

Section: Bacillus Cereusunclassified

Élelmiszer eredetű bakteriális megbetegedések patogenezise, klinikai jellegzetességei, diagnosztikája és kezelése

Müller

Rozgonyi

2020

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Összefoglaló. Az élelmiszer-eredetű megbetegedések igen gyakoriak, bár pontos adatok nem állnak rendelkezésre, mivel az enyhe, gyorsan múló gastrointestinalis tünetekkel a betegek nem fordulnak orvoshoz, vagy nem történik diagnosztikus vizsgálat. Az amerikai Járványügyi és Betegségmegelőzési Központ (CDC) adatai szerint az USA-ban évente 6 lakosból 1 esik át élelmiszer okozta tüneteken. Az ételintoxikációk során a baktérium által termelt toxinok okozzák a tüneteket, közülük a leggyakoribb a Clostridium perfringens, a Staphylococcus aureus és a Bacillus cereus okozta, élelmiszer-eredetű intoxikáció. A nem megfelelően tárolt vagy hőkezelt élelmiszerekben – beleértve a S. aureus által szennyezett anyatejet – ezen baktériumok életképesek maradnak, elszaporodnak, és toxint termelhetnek, illetve toxinjaik megőrzik megbetegítőképességüket. Az étel elfogyasztása után 3–12 órával hányást, hasmenést okoznak. A tünetek többnyire 24 órán belül megszűnnek. A Clostridium botulinum súlyos neurológiai tünetei miatt emelkedik ki a többi toxikoinfekció sorából. C. botulinum okozta tünetekre felnőtteknél házi készítésű konzervek és húskészítmények elfogyasztása után jelentkező gastrointestinalis vagy neurológiai tünetek esetén kell gondolnunk. A Clostridioides difficile szintén a toxinjai révén okoz súlyos, életveszélyes megbetegedést, továbbá az esetek 20–30%-ában számolnunk kell az infekció relapsusával. Növekvő gyakorisága miatt ismernünk érdemes a laboratóriumi és klinikai diagnosztika részleteit és a legmodernebb kezelési lehetőségeket, úgymint megfelelő mintavétel, mintatárolás és -szállítás, tenyésztés, toxinkimutatás, helyes tüneti kezelés, antibiotikumkombinációk, széklettranszplantáció és monoklonálisantitest-kezelés. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(48): 2019–2028. Summary. Foodborne diseases are quite common, however, accurate data are not available because patients do not visit doctors with mild, rapidly resolving symptoms and diagnostic tests are not performed. The Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that, in the USA, 1 in 6 citizens gets food poisoning yearly. Symptoms of intoxication are due to the toxins produced by bacteria, mostly by Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. These bacteria can survive in not properly stored or heated food, including S. aureus contaminated breastmilk. They can multiply and produce toxins causing intoxications. The gastrointestinal symptoms start 3–12 hours after consumption of the contaminated food and resolve in 24 hours. Clostridium botulinum causes severe neurological symptoms that should be suspected after consumption of home-made cans, smoked hams and sausages. The disease caused by Clostridioides difficile is not a foodborne one, but C. difficile causes severe infection via its toxins. Another problem is that C. difficile infection recurs in 20–30% of cases. Due to the increasing incidence of foodborne diseases, it is worth to learn the precise clinical and laboratory diagnostic algorithms including sampling, storage and transportation of samples, cultivation of bacteria and differential diagnosis of these diseases, furthermore the most up-to-date symptomatic and causative treatment options like antibiotic combinations, stool transplantation and monoclonal antibodies. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(48): 2019–2028.

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Advanced Methods for Detection of Bacillus cereus and Its Pathogenic Factors

Cited by 82 publications

References 133 publications

Structural Modeling of Cell Wall Peptidase CwpFM (EntFM) Reveals Distinct Intrinsically Disordered Extensions Specific to Pathogenic Bacillus cereus Strains

Structural Modeling of Cell Wall Peptidase CwpFM (EntFM) Reveals Distinct Intrinsically Disordered Extensions Specific to Pathogenic Bacillus cereus Strains

Characterization of Bacillus cereus in Dairy Products in China

Élelmiszer eredetű bakteriális megbetegedések patogenezise, klinikai jellegzetességei, diagnosztikája és kezelése

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