Advanced Optical Wavefront Technologies to Improve Patient Quality of Vision and Meet Clinical Requests

Abstract

Adaptive optics (AO) is employed for the continuous measurement and correction of ocular aberrations. Human eye refractive errors (lower-order aberrations such as myopia and astigmatism) are corrected with contact lenses and excimer laser surgery. Under twilight vision conditions, when the pupil of the human eye dilates to 5–7 mm in diameter, higher-order aberrations affect the visual acuity. The combined use of wavefront (WF) technology and AO systems allows the pre-operative evaluation of refractive surgical procedures to compensate for the higher-order optical aberrations of the human eye, guiding the surgeon in choosing the procedure parameters. Here, we report a brief history of AO, starting from the description of the Shack–Hartmann method, which allowed the first in vivo measurement of the eye’s wave aberration, the wavefront sensing technologies (WSTs), and their principles. Then, the limitations of the ocular wavefront ascribed to the IOL polymeric materials and design, as well as future perspectives on improving patient vision quality and meeting clinical requests, are described.

Self-healing amino acid-bearing acrylamides/n-butyl acrylate copolymers via multiple noncovalent bonds

“…These values are comparable to those of poly(methyl methacrylate) (refractive index = 1.49 and Abbe number = 58), 78 and silicon and acrylic intraocular lenses (refractive index = 1.41-1.55 and Abbe number = 37-58). 79 These results implied that the AGluOH having hydrogen bonding ability can efficiently enhance the refractive index, while maintaining good transparency.…”

A proposed model of xeno-keratoplasty using 3D printing and decellularization

“…In addition to acids, ammonium hydroxide, as an alkaline-based treatment, has been used in conjunction with the detergent Triton X-100 to decellularize human corneas (Azevedo et al, 2018). This treatment combination effectively decellularized the tissue with little apparent effect on the collagen architecture and basement membrane proteins (Vacalebre et al, 2023). Nevertheless, ammonium hydroxide is also known to degrade growth factors and adversely alter the mechanical properties of the ECM.…”

“…Techniques that facilitate such characterizations rely on conventional histological and biochemical methods. Brightfield microscopy and hematoxylinbased DNA staining protocols are widely used for evaluating nuclear debris, and it is typically employed in conjunction with eosin to evaluate the fundamental ECM architecture of DCs (Sc et al, 2011;Fu and Hollick, 2023;Vacalebre et al, 2023). Fluorescent nuclear stains such as DAPI Gonzalez-Andrades et al, 2011;Shafiq et al, 2012), Hoechst (Amano et al, 2008;Wu et al, 2009;Corridon, 2022;Corridon, 2023c), and propidium iodide (Shafiq et al, 2012) are also frequently utilized.…”

“…In comparison, the rigidity of PMMA ensured that Kpros systems designed from this material required a resilient skirt material to assist the tight attachment with the host eye, leading to further complications (Holland et al, 2021). Therefore, scientists have searched for other materials, like cross-linked poly (2hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), fibronectin, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and fluorocarbon polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to produce better corneal alternatives or skirts for PMMA-based Kpros (Holland et al, 2021;Vacalebre et al, 2023). Two examples are the Alphacor ™ , which is composed of PHEMA, and the Korea Seoultype keratoprosthesis, which contains PMMA and a PEG skirt (Holland et al, 2021).…”

Adaptive optics solution to improve laser-induced periodic surface structuring (LIPSS)

“…This technology has been developed in the astronomy field to add or remove aberration from the incident wavefront and allowing the telescope to boost image resolution by correcting the dynamic wavefront distortion caused by atmospheric turbulence. Owing to its benefits, AO is widely employed in the civil, industrial, and medical fields [14][15][16] and it has been demonstrated to improve laser processing material capabilities [17].…”