Advanced Oxidative Pretreatment of Complex Effluents for Biodegradability Enhancement and Color Reduction

Textile Industry's Environmental Effects and Approaching Cleaner Production and Sustainability: an Overview

“…[44]. In the textile industry, about 25% of the sum chemical substances manufactured in the world are used [45].…”

“…The organic constituents which are resistant to biodegradation part of the system for a long time and enter the food chain. The rise of these substances in the chain means that the bioaccumulation takes place and influences humans and animals [45]. Desizing and wet finishing operations which have elevated COD and BOD are very important for pollution prevention and reduction [51].…”

“…The most significant natural fiber used in textile is cotton and to size it starch and derivatives are often utilized. Desizing effluent of starch sized cotton fabric rise the BOD values of wastewater stream thoroughly [45] and at the same time, this wastewater constitutes of circa 50% of the water contamination [52]. Inherent and later attached contaminations existing on textile fibers such as oil, waxes, lubricants, etc.…”

“…are expelled through scouring to refine the fibers and make it hydrophilic. Scouring of cotton is performed temperatures rising to 120˚C in a vigorous basic solution [45] and a polyester's is conducted under moderate alkaline conditions with detergents. The TDS, COD, BOD, and alkalinity values of wastewater of scouring are very high because the contaminants are emulsified and transformed to a soluble form [53].…”

“…If neutralization is required after the bleaching process, the quantity of salt to be released will be significant. There is a need for some chemicals to expel H 2 O 2 residues remaining on the fabric, particularly in the reactive dyeing, since it speeds up hydrolysis of the dye [45] (Table 3). Because of the ability of sulfates flair to constitute vigorous acids, they cause pH alterations in the environment where they are present, while the phosphates also cause eutrophication in the water, so these two are poisonous in high concentrations [38].…”