Advancements in Battery Cooling Techniques for Enhanced Performance and Safety in Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

The automotive industry is transitioning toward electric vehicles (EVs) to control fossil fuel dependence, reduce CO2 emissions, and mitigate pollution. EVs powered by lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have gained significant popularity due to their low operational costs and high energy density. Despite the substantial popularity of EVs powered by LIBs, their widespread commercial deployment has been impeded by challenges associated with operating temperatures. These temperature variations can adversely affect battery performance, degradation, and safety, posing hurdles to overcome for their efficient integration into vehicles. To address these issues, the development of high‐performance effective cooling techniques is crucial in mitigating the adverse effects of surface temperatures on battery cells. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the advancements and enhancements in battery cooling techniques and their impact on EVs. It explores various cooling and heating methods to improve the performance and lifespan of EV batteries. It delves into suitable cooling methods as effective strategies for managing high surface temperatures and enhancing thermal efficiency. The study encompasses a comprehensive analysis of different cooling system designs with innovative approaches. Furthermore, this article outlines future research directions and potential solutions for developing battery cooling systems in electric and hybrid electric vehicles.