The underwater acoustic channel under ice cover is a complex and variable channel with various interferences, which greatly limits the transmission performance and capability of communication signals. This article introduces energy monitoring technology into conventional underwater spread spectrum communication systems and explores a robust underwater spread spectrum communication model under ice cover. Enhance the anti-interference and multipath resistance of underwater acoustic communication systems through dynamic energy monitoring, comparison, and judgment processes. The communication system experiment was carried out in the underwater acoustic channel covered by ice, achieving highquality communication transmission with zero error code and verifying the reliability of the system.