Advances in chitosan-based drug delivery systems: A comprehensive review for therapeutic applications

Haider, Ammar; Khan, Shabana; Iqbal, Dure Najaf; Shrahili, Mansour; Haider, Sajjad; Mohammad, Khaled; Mohammad, Abdulrahman; Rizwan, Muhammad; Kanwal, Qudsia; Mustafa, Ghulam

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.112983

Cited by 28 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 185 publications

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“…Chitosan-based nanoparticles and hydrogels have emerged as effective drug delivery systems due to their high loading capacity, sustained release kinetics, and targeted delivery [82,252,280]. Chitosan nanoparticles can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, protecting them from enzymatic degradation and facilitating their transport across biological barriers.…”

Section: Property/activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The degree of deacetylation (DDA), representing the proportion of GlcN units relative to GlcNAc, significantly influences its physicochemical properties; in fact, higher DDA values result in increased protonation of amino groups, rendering chitosan more soluble and positively charged in acidic conditions [60,74]. This property is pivotal for its interaction with negatively charged surfaces and molecules, enabling applications such as drug delivery [11,12,[78][79][80][81][82], wound healing [83][84][85][86], and antimicrobial coatings [87][88][89][90]. Additionally, the molecular weight of chitosan, determined by its polymerization degree, impacts its viscosity, solubility, and biodegradability [91,92].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strategies to Prepare Chitin and Chitosan-Based Bioactive Structures Aided by Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Review

Durante-Salmerón,

Fraile-Gutiérrez,

Gil-Gonzalo

et al. 2024

Catalysts

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Chitin and chitosan, abundant biopolymers derived from the shells of crustaceans and the cell walls of fungi, have garnered considerable attention in pharmaceutical circles due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and versatile properties. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), emerging green solvents composed of eutectic mixtures of hydrogen bond acceptors and donors, offer promising avenues for enhancing the solubility and functionality of chitin and chitosan in pharmaceutical formulations. This review delves into the potential of utilizing DESs as solvents for chitin and chitosan, highlighting their efficiency in dissolving these polymers, which facilitates the production of novel drug delivery systems, wound dressings, tissue engineering scaffolds, and antimicrobial agents. The distinctive physicochemical properties of DESs, including low toxicity, low volatility, and adaptable solvation power, enable the customization of chitin and chitosan-based materials to meet specific pharmaceutical requirements. Moreover, the environmentally friendly nature of DESs aligns with the growing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly processes in pharmaceutical manufacturing. This revision underscores recent advances illustrating the promising role of DESs in evolving the pharmaceutical applications of chitin and chitosan, laying the groundwork for the development of innovative drug delivery systems and biomedical materials with enhanced efficacy and safety profiles.

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Section: Property/activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to Prepare Chitin and Chitosan-Based Bioactive Structures Aided by Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Review

Durante-Salmerón,

Fraile-Gutiérrez,

Gil-Gonzalo

et al. 2024

Catalysts

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“…A drug delivery system (DDS) is defined as the technology that introduces an adequate dosage of therapeutic substance into the body to achieve effectively and safely its appropriate therapeutic effect [1]. Thus, the main objective of a DDS is to ensure that drugs are administered in the required place in the body and at the correct time, avoiding adverse effects [2]. However, conventional DDSs (tablets, capsules, syrups, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A DDS includes a wide variety of methods, including liposomes, micelles, and nanoparticles [2]. One way to achieve a controlled DDS is the development of an adequate encapsulation system that provides protection for the drug, preventing the surrounding environment of the body from carrying its uncontrolled release or out-of-place activation [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan–Type-A-Gelatin Hydrogels Used as Potential Platforms in Tissue Engineering for Drug Delivery

Mehdi-Sefiani,

Granados-Carrera,

Romero

et al. 2024

Gels

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Hydrogels are materials made of crosslinked 3D networks of hydrophilic polymer chains that can absorb and retain significant amounts of water due to their hydrophilic structure without being dissolved. In relation to alternative biomaterials, hydrogels offer increased biocompatibility and biodegradability, giving them distinct advantages. Thus, hydrogel platforms are considered to have the potential for the development of biomedical applications. In this study, the main objective was the development of hybrid hydrogels to act as a drug delivery platform. These hydrogels were made from chitosan (CH) and type A gelatin (G), two natural polymers that provide a supportive environment for cellular attachment, viability, and growth, thanks to their unique properties. Particularly, the use of gelatins for drug delivery systems provides biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity, which are excellent properties to be used in the human body. However, gelatins have some limitations, such as thermal instability and poor mechanical properties. In order to improve those properties, the aim of this work was the development and characterization of hybrid hydrogels with different ratios of CH–G (100–0, 75–25, 50–50, 25–75, 0–100). Hydrogels were characterized through multiple techniques, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, rheological and microstructural studies, among others. Moreover, a model hydrophilic drug molecule (tetracycline) was incorporated to evaluate the feasibility of this platform to sustain the release of hydrophilic drugs, by being tested in a solution of Phosphate Buffer Solution at a pH of 7.2 and at 37 °C. The results revealed that the synergy between chitosan and type A gelatin improved the mechanical properties as well as the thermal stability of it, revealing that the best ratios of the biopolymers are 50–50 CH–G and 75–25 CH–G. Thereby, these systems were evaluated in a controlled release of tetracycline, showing a controlled drug delivery of 6 h and highlighting their promising application as a platform for controlled drug release.

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Dual Temperature and pH Sensitive Poly(ethyl methacrylate‐co‐acrylamide) Nanogels Have Potential for Controlled Release of Doxorubicin

Hakkoymaz,

Mazi

2024

ChemistrySelect

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In this study, the synthesis and characterization of poly(ethyl methacrylate‐co‐acrylamide) (i.e., poly(EMA‐co‐AAm)) nanogels and the loading and release studies of doxorubicin hydrochloride were carried out. The synthesis of nanogels was carried out using the emulsion polymerization technique at 60 °C. Swelling experiments showed that the nanogels were sensitive to temperature and pH of the medium. Zeta sizer analysis results showed that the synthesized nanogels had an average size of 23.17 nm and the PDI value was 0.270. In the loading studies of doxorubicin into nanogels, the drug loading capacity (DLC) of the nanogel was determined as 32% and the drug loading efficiency (DLE) was determined as 77%. Release studies conducted at pH = 5.4 and pH = 7.4 at 37 °C showed that the release percentage was 17% even in 32 h at pH = 7.4, and 82% in 5 h at pH = 5.4. Release studies conducted at different temperatures at pH = 5.4 revealed that the release percentage was 82% at 37 °C, 85% at 39 °C, and 89% at 41 °C. These results revealed that poly(EMA‐co‐AAm) nanogels can be used in targeted controlled release of doxorubicin and can increase drug effects while reducing side effects.

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Advances in chitosan-based drug delivery systems: A comprehensive review for therapeutic applications

Cited by 28 publications

References 185 publications

Strategies to Prepare Chitin and Chitosan-Based Bioactive Structures Aided by Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Review

Strategies to Prepare Chitin and Chitosan-Based Bioactive Structures Aided by Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Review

Chitosan–Type-A-Gelatin Hydrogels Used as Potential Platforms in Tissue Engineering for Drug Delivery

Dual Temperature and pH Sensitive Poly(ethyl methacrylate‐co‐acrylamide) Nanogels Have Potential for Controlled Release of Doxorubicin

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