Advances in Countercurrent Chromatography For Protein Separations

Mekaoui, Nour; Faure, Karine; Berthod, Alain

doi:10.4155/bio.12.27

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…These techniques are based on continuous liquid–liquid phase partitioning and are capable of performing all steps including mixing, centrifugation and extraction of the two phases in an automated flow through manner. For this reason they are already being used in the separation of natural products, [ 51 ] biological products, [ 13a,52 ] and enantiomers [ 53 ] by the chemical and pharmaceutical industries and recently, Zhang et al. [ 54 ] and Knight et al.…”

Section: Separation and Purificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotubes for Photovoltaics: From Lab to Industry

Wieland

Han

Rust

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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All other nanotube conformations (0° < θ < 30°) are referred to as being chiral. In this 1D system, circumferential electron confinement results in SWCNTs that are either metallic (m) or semiconducting (s) and the innate ability of small changes in diameter to impart large changes in the spectral position (size) of absorption maxima (bandgap) of the SWCNTs. [1a,2] For each chiral species these maxima appear as sets of discrete excitonic transitions (S 11 , S 22 , S 33 …etc.) in the infrared, visible, and ultraviolet and the ability to tune them with structure has made SWCNTs one of the most intensively studied nanomaterials of the past two decades. [3] SWCNTs meet all of the requirements for next generation technology to become flexible and potentially made entirely from carbon to aid disposal at the end of the product life-cycle. Applications for SWCNTs can be found across all fields of science including photonics, [4] telecommunications, [5] batteries, [6] fuel cells, [7] high frequency transistors, [8] biosensors, [9] novel memory devices, [10] molecular contacts, [11] and cancer research. [12] In particular, their chirality dependent bandgap, chemical stability, conductivity, and hole selectivity have made them attractive for new generation solar cells and light sensitive elements. [13] For example, there are 200 species in the dia meter range of 0.6-2 nm, which have first (S 11) and second (S 22) optical transitions ranging from 2.57 eV (visible) to 0.5 eV (near-infrared) and these already cover a majority of the solar spectrum (400-2000 nm), Figure 1d. [14] Being solutionprocessable and fiber-shaped, CNTs can easily be integrated into different types of solar cells with distinct functions. For example, as a photoactive layer in organic solar cell, a transparent electrode in silicon and perovskite solar cells or as counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells. [15] However, despite their promise, the number of real-world applications for SWCNTs in the photovoltaics (PV) industry continue to remain limited. The reasons for this are manifold and include the comparatively lower power conversion efficiency (PCE) and device area of SWCNT-based technologies, which drive simple cost-benefit arguments to retool existing production lines, ongoing challenges to orientate and control the structure of CNT films in a scalable manner, spurious health concerns associated with the use of CNTs [16] and importantly, the fact that it is still not possible to selectively synthesize SWCNTs of arbitrarily defined chirality. Most synthesis methods produce a 2:1 mixture of many semiconducting and metallic chiral types and even the CoMoCAT synthesis process, [17] which is well known to be highly enriched in small diameter (6,5), still contains at least 15 other chiral species in low concentration. Research efforts to achieve chiral specific growth are ongoing The use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in photovoltaics could have significant ramifications on the commercial solar cell market. Three interrelated research directions within t...

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Section: Separation and Purificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotubes for Photovoltaics: From Lab to Industry

Wieland

Han

Rust

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…For the separation of polar and/or strongly hydrogen bonding molecules, such as saccharides or proteins, aqueous biphasic solvents (ABS) [ 109 ] have been successfully used in CCC [ 110 , 111 ]. These are usually based on concentrated aqueous inorganic salt solutions, combined with a second aqueous phase, saturated with an organic solvent [such as ethanol or polyethylene glycol (PEG)] [ 112 , 113 ], which employ the mismatch between kosmotropic and chaotropic interactions (increasing or decreasing, respectively, the structuring of water) to produce biphasic solvent systems [ 114 , 115 ]. For example, they have been used in the CPC separation of saccharides using the ethanol/DMSO/aqueous ammonium sulfate (300 g l −1 ) (0.8:0.1:1.8, v/v/v) solvent system [ 116 ].…”

Section: Ionic Liquids In Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquid–Liquid Chromatography: A New General Purpose Separation Methodology

Brown¹,

Earle

Gîlea

et al. 2017

Top Curr Chem (Z)

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Ionic liquids can form biphasic solvent systems with many organic solvents and water, and these solvent systems can be used in liquid–liquid separations and countercurrent chromatography. The wide range of ionic liquids that can by synthesised, with specifically tailored properties, represents a new philosophy for the separation of organic, inorganic and bio-based materials. A customised countercurrent chromatograph has been designed and constructed specifically to allow the more viscous character of ionic liquid-based solvent systems to be used in a wide variety of separations (including transition metal salts, arenes, alkenes, alkanes, bio-oils and sugars).

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“…S1 in the Supplementary material). Due to the shear forces between both phases, the mobile phase is dispersed in the stationary phase and thus, biochemical products using CPC have been reported in the last years [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Thereby, aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) were preferred as systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%