Advances in DBS Technology and Novel Applications: Focus on Movement Disorders

Abstract

Purpose of Review Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment in several movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease, dystonia, tremor, and Tourette syndrome. In this review, we will review and discuss the most recent findings including but not limited to clinical evidence. Recent Findings New DBS technologies include novel hardware design (electrodes, cables, implanted pulse generators) enabling new stimulation patterns and adaptive DBS which delivers potential stimulation tailored to moment-to-moment changes in the patient's condition. Better understanding of movement disorders pathophysiology and functional anatomy has been pivotal for studying the effects of DBS on the mesencephalic locomotor region, the nucleus basalis of Meynert, the substantia nigra, and the spinal cord. Eventually, neurosurgical practice has improved with more accurate target visualization or combined targeting. A rising research domain emphasizes bridging neuromodulation and neuroprotection. Summary Recent advances in DBS therapy bring more possibilities to effectively treat people with movement disorders. Future research would focus on improving adaptive DBS, leading more clinical trials on novel targets, and exploring neuromodulation effects on neuroprotection.

Extrapiramidális kórképek • Movement Disorders

“…Ennek az az alapja, hogy lehetővé vált a betegségekre jellegzetes speciális fehérjeaggregátumok (zárványtestek) immunológiai mechanizmusú eltávolítása, azonban a gyógyszervizsgálatok ennek klinikai hasznát még nem tudták bizonyítani betegekben. Szintén jelentős léptékben haladnak az eszközös terápiák technológiai fejlesztései is (Potel et al, 2022).…”

Computational Models in Deep Brain Stimulation : Patient‐Specific Simulations, Tractography, and Group Analysis

“…The latest advance in DBS systems is closed-loop stimulation. Evidence from local field potential (LFP) measurements has shown that PD symptoms are correlated with beta-band bursts (12 Hz-30 Hz) in the STN [25]. If the stimulation is activated only when these beta-bursts occur, energy consumption can potentially be reduced [26].…”

“…If the stimulation is activated only when these beta-bursts occur, energy consumption can potentially be reduced [26]. For now, Medtronic has released a system that can measure the LFP but full closed-loop stimulation is only at research level [25].…”

Innovation in Neurosurgery: Lessons Learned, Obstacles, and Potential Funding Sources

“…The culmination of advancements in neuroscience, surgery, and technology have allowed for significant breakthroughs in neurosurgery (e.g., DBS, awake craniotomy, focused ultrasound, etc. ); [92][93][94] further, subspecialization and involvement of multidisciplinary teams have allowed for even more advancements in a variety of neurosurgery fields (e.g., neuro-oncology, neuro-IR, pediatric and functional neurosurgery) [95][96][97][98]. These advancements began from the ground up, often due to one individualthis highlights the continued importance of innovations in neurosurgery at all levels.…”