Advances in geopolymer materials: A comprehensive review

Cong, Peiliang; Cheng, Yaqian

doi:10.1016/j.jtte.2021.03.004

Cited by 202 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 271 publications

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“…The reason was illustrated to be that the water requirement increased due to the second hydration of NS particles. The excessive NS particles aggregate together and become the defect inside the concrete composites [ 66 , 67 ]. Therefore, the cube compressive strength of GPC with an addition of 2% NS was lower than that of the GPC with an addition of 1.5% NS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties of Nano-SiO2 Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete under the Coupling Effect of a Wet–Thermal and Chloride Salt Environment

Jin

Zhang

et al. 2022

Polymers

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In this study, the mechanical behaviors of nano-SiO2 reinforced geopolymer concrete (NS-GPC) under the coupling effect of a wet–thermal and chloride salt environment were investigated through a series of basic experiments, and a simulation on the coupling effect of a wet–thermal and chloride salt environment and SEM test were also included. During the experiments for the coupling effect of the wet–thermal and chloride salt environment, an environment simulation test chamber was utilized to simulate the wet–thermal and chloride salt environment, in which the parameters of relative humidity, temperature, mass fraction of NaCl solution and action time were set as 100%, 45 °C, 5% and 60 d, respectively. The content of nano-SiO2 (NS) particles added in geopolymer concrete (GPC) were 0, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%. The result indicated that the mechanical properties of NS reinforced GPC decreased under the coupling effect of the wet–thermal and chloride salt environment compared to the control group in the natural environment. When the NS content was 1.5%, the cube and splitting tensile strength, elastic modulus and impact toughness of GPC under the coupling environment of wet–thermal and chloride salt were decreased by 9.7%, 9.8%, 19.2% and 44.4%, respectively, relative to that of the GPC under the natural environment. The addition of NS improved the mechanical properties of GPC under the coupling effect of the wet–thermal and chloride salt environment. Compared to the control group without NS, the maximum increment in cube compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and elastic modulus of NS–GPC under the coupling effect of the wet–thermal and chloride salt environment due to the incorporation of NS reached 25.8%, 9.6% and 17.2%, respectively. Specifically, 1.5% content of NS increased the impact toughness, impact numbers of initial crack and the ultimate failure of GPC by 122.3%, 109% and 109.5%, respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties of Nano-SiO2 Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete under the Coupling Effect of a Wet–Thermal and Chloride Salt Environment

Jin

Zhang

et al. 2022

Polymers

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“…The choice of suitable materials for agricultural structures predicts productivity, operational costs, durability, and the sustainability of operations; this is because materials predict heat losses, insulation, and the absorption of UV radiation, humidity, and temperature [ 61 , 152 , 153 , 154 ]. Significant attention has been directed toward selecting suitable materials for livestock structures, farming equipment, silos for seeds and crops, as well as for greenhouses and their frames and covers [ 13 , 128 , 155 , 156 ].…”

Section: Biomimetic Materials Structures and Resource Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Inspired Robots and Structures toward Fostering the Modernization of Agriculture

et al. 2022

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Biomimetics is the interdisciplinary cooperation of biology and technology that offers solutions to practical problems by analyzing biological systems and transferring their principles into applications. This review article focused on biomimetic innovations, including bio-inspired soft robots and swarm robots that could serve multiple functions, including the harvesting of fruits, pest control, and crop management. The research demonstrated commercially available biomimetic innovations, including robot bees by Arugga AI Farming and the Robotriks Traction Unit (RTU) precision farming equipment. Additionally, soft robotic systems have made it possible to mitigate the risk of surface bruises, rupture, the crushing destruction of plant tissue, and plastic deformation in the harvesting of fruits with a soft rind such as apples, cherries, pears, stone fruits, kiwifruit, mandarins, cucumbers, peaches, and pome. Even though the smart farming technologies, which were developed to mimic nature, could help prevent climate change and enhance the intensification of agriculture, there are concerns about long-term ecological impact, cost, and their inability to complement natural processes such as pollination. Despite the problems, the market for bio-inspired technologies with potential agricultural applications to modernize farming and solve the abovementioned challenges has increased exponentially. Future research and development should lead to low-cost FEA robotic grippers and FEA-tendon-driven grippers for crop harvesting. In brief, soft robots and swarm robotics have immense potential in agriculture.

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“…It is well known that a greater fineness level of the FFA increases paste workability and the rate of geopolymerization, shortens setting time, and improves physical (density), mechanical (compressive and flexural strength), and microstructural (compact and uniform matrix) properties of the geopolymer [21,44]. The mechanism of improving the physical and mechanical properties of GPBM is also attributed to a higher amount of alkaline aluminosilicate gel [21,[49][50][51][52]. Accordingly, the better mechanical properties of the geopolymer were obtained when the Isken TPP FFA was used as raw material (Figure 2, Tables 2 and 3).…”

Section: Gpbms Production and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-Geopolymers: Physico-Mechanical Features, Radiation Absorption Properties, and Mathematical Model

et al. 2022

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Waste ashes and radiation are hazardous environmental and health factors; thus, a lot of attention is paid to their reduction. We present eco-geopolymer building materials (GPBMs) based on the class F fly ashes (FFAs) from thermal power plants (TPPs) and their implementation as a barrier against radioactive radiation. Different methods of production, ratios of FFA to alkali activator, and temperatures of curing were tested. Small spherical particles and higher content of SiO2 resulted in developed surface area and higher reactivity of Isken TPP FFA than Catalagzi TPP FFA. Lower activator concentration (10% vs. 20%) and curing temperature (70 vs. 100 °C) caused an increase in GPBM compressive strength; the highest value was measured as 93.3 MPa. The highest RA was measured for GPBMs, provided alkali activator ratio (Na2SiO3/NaOH) was >2 and its concentration was 20%. The mathematical model developed in this study proved FFA quantity, and thus GPBM mechanical properties, as key factors influencing RA. In the light of these results, the lightweight GPBMs can be excellent materials for the construction sector dedicated to immobilization, storage, and disposal for radionuclides or barriers against radiation; however, multiple steps of their production require careful optimization.

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Advances in geopolymer materials: A comprehensive review

Cited by 202 publications

References 271 publications

Mechanical Properties of Nano-SiO2 Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete under the Coupling Effect of a Wet–Thermal and Chloride Salt Environment

Mechanical Properties of Nano-SiO2 Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete under the Coupling Effect of a Wet–Thermal and Chloride Salt Environment

Bio-Inspired Robots and Structures toward Fostering the Modernization of Agriculture

Eco-Geopolymers: Physico-Mechanical Features, Radiation Absorption Properties, and Mathematical Model

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