Advances in high-throughput methods for the identification of virus receptors

Barrass, Sarah V.; Butcher, Sarah J.

doi:10.1007/s00430-019-00653-2

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…One of the mechanisms by which viruses enter a host cell is receptor-mediated entry; the appropriate receptor needs to be present on the cell for the virus to enter. Immortalized cell lines are often used to identify such a cellular receptor, for example by genomic- and interactome- based approaches ( 141 , 142 ). Primary HAEC mimic the natural targets cells of respiratory viruses better than continuous cell lines and are thus important for receptor identification, as illustrated in the following examples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Modelling of Respiratory Virus Infections in Human Airway Epithelial Cells – A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Respiratory tract infections (RTI) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. A large number of RTIs is caused by viruses, often resulting in more severe disease in infants, elderly and the immunocompromised. Upon viral infection, most individuals experience common cold-like symptoms associated with an upper RTI. However, in some cases a severe and sometimes life-threatening lower RTI may develop. Reproducible and scalable in vitro culture models that accurately reflect the human respiratory tract are needed to study interactions between respiratory viruses and the host, and to test novel therapeutic interventions. Multiple in vitro respiratory cell culture systems have been described, but the majority of these are based on immortalized cell lines. Although useful for studying certain aspects of viral infections, such monomorphic, unicellular systems fall short in creating an understanding of the processes that occur at an integrated tissue level. Novel in vitro models involving primary human airway epithelial cells and, more recently, human airway organoids, are now in use. In this review, we describe the evolution of in vitro cell culture systems and their characteristics in the context of viral RTIs, starting from advances after immortalized cell cultures to more recently developed organoid systems. Furthermore, we describe how these models are used in studying virus-host interactions, e.g. tropism and receptor studies as well as interactions with the innate immune system. Finally, we provide an outlook for future developments in this field, including co-factors that mimic the microenvironment in the respiratory tract.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Modelling of Respiratory Virus Infections in Human Airway Epithelial Cells – A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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“…This allows determining their genome size and structure. Analysis of the viral proteins is another important step, as it enables, for example, identifying the receptor which the virus uses for entering the host cells [21]. Nowadays, new viruses are often classified solely relying on genome sequencing, which comes along with its challenges [22].…”

Section: Viral Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding viruses and viral infections by biophotonic methods

Ramoji

Pahlow

Pistiki

et al. 2022

Transl Biophotonics

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In the last few decades outbreaks of viral infections have often challenged the world‐wide health infrastructure and caused a significant financial burden as well as human suffering despite progress in diagnostic technologies. The recent outbreaks of the Ebola virus in the African continent, the Zika virus in the American continent, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), influenza A and lately severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) viral infections have repeatedly highlighted the importance of technological advancement enabling a better understanding of virions. In this review, we systematically discuss different aspects of virions and how their properties and functions can be studied using different light‐based technologies. We focus on virion classification, detection and interactions with the host's immune system. Further, the potential of advanced biophotonic methods, for example, Raman, infrared reflection, absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, advanced microscopic techniques and biosensor‐based approaches for diagnosing viral infections, investigating therapeutics and vaccine development are described. Although significant advancements have already been made in photonic technologies, which even enable visualizing virion‐host interactions on single‐cell level, the continuous evolution of viruses demands further progress in biophotonic solutions for fast, affordable and robust health monitoring devices for screening viral infections.

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“…Collectively all these interactions determine pathogenicity, tissue tropism and host range. The identification of host receptors is therefore essential in understanding viral infections and pathogenesis [108] . Various methods like monoclonal antibodies, affinity purification assays and solid phase assays have been extensively exploited in earlier virus-cell interaction studies [109] , [110] , [111] , [112] .…”

Section: Vibrational Spectroscopic Analysis Of Viruses and Viral Infe...mentioning

confidence: 99%