Advances in Materials and Technologies for Gas Sensing from Environmental and Food Monitoring to Breath Analysis

Milone, Angelo; Monteduro, Anna Grazia; Rizzato, Silvia; Leo, Angelo; Natale, Corrado Di; Kim, Sang Sub; Maruccio, Giuseppe

doi:10.1002/adsu.202200083

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 337 publications

(511 reference statements)

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“…Sensors are at the forefront of IoT applications, providing data to be integrated in large datasets and processed via machine learning approaches [ 4 , 5 ]. Focusing on gas sensors, the largest and most promising sectors that need fast sensors are (i) environmental monitoring and safety and (ii) track and trace in the food and beverage industry [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disclosing Fast Detection Opportunities with Nanostructured Chemiresistor Gas Sensors Based on Metal Oxides, Carbon, and Transition Metal Dichalcogenides

Galvani,

Freddi,

Sangaletti

2024

Sensors

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With the emergence of novel sensing materials and the increasing opportunities to address safety and life quality priorities of our society, gas sensing is experiencing an outstanding growth. Among the characteristics required to assess performances, the overall speed of response and recovery is adding to the well-established stability, selectivity, and sensitivity features. In this review, we focus on fast detection with chemiresistor gas sensors, focusing on both response time and recovery time that characterize their dynamical response. We consider three classes of sensing materials operating in a chemiresistor architecture, exposed to the most investigated pollutants, such as NH3, NO2, H2S, H2, ethanol, and acetone. Among sensing materials, we first selected nanostructured metal oxides, which are by far the most used chemiresistors and can provide a solid ground for performance improvement. Then, we selected nanostructured carbon sensing layers (carbon nanotubes, graphene, and reduced graphene), which represent a promising class of materials that can operate at room temperature and offer many possibilities to increase their sensitivities via functionalization, decoration, or blending with other nanostructured materials. Finally, transition metal dichalcogenides are presented as an emerging class of chemiresistive layers that bring what has been learned from graphene into a quite large portfolio of chemo-sensing platforms. For each class, studies since 2019 reporting on chemiresistors that display less than 10 s either in the response or in the recovery time are listed. We show that for many sensing layers, the sum of both response and recovery times is already below 10 s, making them promising devices for fast measurements to detect, e.g., sudden bursts of dangerous emissions in the environment, or to track the integrity of packaging during food processing on conveyor belts at pace with industrial production timescales.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, as discussed in Refs. [ 6 , 13 ], gases are leading actors in production, packaging, and storage of foods. Hence, it is extremely important to have a real-time monitoring of the air composition, integrity, and losses in the production lines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disclosing Fast Detection Opportunities with Nanostructured Chemiresistor Gas Sensors Based on Metal Oxides, Carbon, and Transition Metal Dichalcogenides

Galvani,

Freddi,

Sangaletti

2024

Sensors

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“…This includes the detection of chemical warfare agents, explosives, organic and inorganic vapors, and environmental monitoring to detect diseases, just to mention a few from the wide range of the gas sensing applications of the SAW sensors [1][2][3][4][5]. The SAW technology for gas sensing has been continuously improving, mostly through the development of many new sensing materials that have enhanced the properties of the SAW sensors [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Polyurethane Composites with Sensing Polymers as New Coating Materials for Surface Acoustic Wave-Based Chemical Sensors—Part II: Polyurethane Composites with Polylaurylmetacrylate, Polyisobutene, and Poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene-co-vinylidene Fluoride): Coating Results, Relative Sensor Responses and Adhesion Analysis

Carvalho,

Rapp,

Voigt

et al. 2024

Coatings

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This work presents the application of the methodology for the sensitization of surface acoustic wave-based sensors (SAW), developed in the first part of this work. The strategy of the method is the obtention of sensing layers with tailored chemical environments by taking advantage of the wide variety of chemical composition of the organic polymers, which have been used as sensing polymers, and combining them with polyurethane (PU) to form polymeric composites that show enhanced properties as sensing materials for the SAW sensor technology. In the first part of this work, the ultrasonic and adhesion characterization was correlated to the sensor responses of PU-polybutylmethacrylate (PBMA) composites of different relative concentrations of the sensing polymer (PBMA) and PU. The resulting coating layers obtained with the PU polymer composites improved the chemical and mechanical properties of the sensing layer without interfering with the quality of their sensor responses in comparison to those with the pristine polymer as the sensing material. In this second part of this work, three new polyurethane polymeric composites were analyzed. The new sensing materials were produced using polylaurylmetacrylate (PLMA), polyisobutene (PIB), and poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene-co-vinylidene fluoride) (PCTFE) as the sensing polymers combined with PU. The results of the new PU polymer composites showed consequently different properties depending on the type of sensing polymer used, reproducing, however, the previous features achieved with PU and polybutylmetacrylate (PBMA) composites, like the improvements in the adhesion and the resistance against an organic solvent and preserving, in each case, the sensor response characteristic of each sensing polymer used, as was also observed for the PU-PBMA polymeric composites. The results obtained with the new sensing materials validated the strategy and confirmed its generalization as a very suitable methodology for the sensitization of SAW sensors, strongly indicating the applicability and reliability of the method, which makes possible the choice of virtually any chemical environments for the sensitization of SAW sensor systems.

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“…In addition to selectivity toward the desired analytes, defined by its chemical composition, the coating layer must also present chemical stability and suitable mechanical properties to enhance the propagation of the acoustic wave over the surface and to provide long-term stability [3,6,7]. Therefore, along with the chemical composition of the chosen coating material, the efficiency of the coating process also determines the suitability of the structure of the sensitizing coating layer [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Polyurethane Composites with Sensing Polymers as New Coating Materials for Surface Acoustic Wave-Based Chemical Sensors—Part I: Analysis of the Coating Results, Sensing Responses and Adhesion of the Coating Layers of Polyurethane–Polybutylmethacrylate Composites

Rapp,

Voigt,

Dirschka

et al. 2023

Coatings

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The sensing layers for surface acoustic wave-based (SAW) sensors are the main factor in defining the selectivity and reproducibility of the responses of the sensor systems. Among the materials used as sensing layers for SAW sensors, polymers present a wide range of advantages, from availability to a large choice of chemical-sensing environments. However, depending on the physical–chemical properties of the polymer, issues about the chemical and mechanical stability of the sensing layer have been reported that can compromise the application of sensor systems in the long-term. The sensor properties are defined basically by the properties of the coating material and the quality of the coating process. The strategy used to improve the properties of polymeric coating layers for SAW technology involved the use of polyurethane (PU) in combination with a second polymer that is responsible for the sensing properties of the resulting layer; this is obtained by a reproducible and robust coating procedure. In this first part of our research, we used polymer composites of different compositions of polybutylmetacrylate (PBMA) as the sensing polymer with polyurethane. The analysis of the coating (ultrasonic parameters), the relative sensor responses and the adhesion results for the PU–PBMA composites were determined. The ultrasonic analysis and the relative sensor responses showed very reproducible and precise results, indicating the reproducibility and robustness of the coating process. Accurate correlations between the results of the ultrasonic parameters due to the coating and the relative sensor responses for the organic analytes analyzed were obtained, showing a precise quantitative relationship between the results and the constitution of the composite coating materials. The composites show practically no significant sensor responses to water. The PU–PBMA composites substantially enhanced adhesion to the surface of the piezoelectric sensor element in comparison to the coating with pure PBMA, without loss of its sensing properties. Other PU–polymer composites will be presented in the future, as well as an analysis of the selectivity for the organic analytes for these types of coating materials.

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Advances in Materials and Technologies for Gas Sensing from Environmental and Food Monitoring to Breath Analysis

Cited by 28 publications

References 337 publications

Disclosing Fast Detection Opportunities with Nanostructured Chemiresistor Gas Sensors Based on Metal Oxides, Carbon, and Transition Metal Dichalcogenides

Disclosing Fast Detection Opportunities with Nanostructured Chemiresistor Gas Sensors Based on Metal Oxides, Carbon, and Transition Metal Dichalcogenides

The Use of Polyurethane Composites with Sensing Polymers as New Coating Materials for Surface Acoustic Wave-Based Chemical Sensors—Part I: Analysis of the Coating Results, Sensing Responses and Adhesion of the Coating Layers of Polyurethane–Polybutylmethacrylate Composites

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