Advances in mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for the treatment of osteoporosis

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic bone disease with characteristics of bone loss and microstructural degeneration. The personal and societal costs of osteoporosis are increasing year by year as the ageing of population, posing challenges to public health care. Homing disorders, impaired capability of osteogenic differentiation, senescence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), an imbalanced microenvironment, and disordered immunoregulation play important roles during the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. The MSC transplantation promises to increase osteoblast differentiation and block osteoclast activation, and to rebalance bone formation and resorption. Preclinical investigations on MSC transplantation in the osteoporosis treatment provide evidences of enhancing osteogenic differentiation, increasing bone mineral density, and halting the deterioration of osteoporosis. Meanwhile, the latest techniques, such as gene modification, targeted modification and co‐transplantation, are promising approaches to enhance the therapeutic effect and efficacy of MSCs. In addition, clinical trials of MSC therapy to treat osteoporosis are underway, which will fill the gap of clinical data. Although MSCs tend to be effective to treat osteoporosis, the urgent issues of safety, transplant efficiency and standardization of the manufacturing process have to be settled. Moreover, a comprehensive evaluation of clinical trials, including safety and efficacy, is still needed as an important basis for clinical translation.

Update on the Role of Neuropeptide Y and Other Related Factors in Breast Cancer and Osteoporosis

“…Finally, BMSCs and adipose stem cells are considered to have multidirectional differentiation and sustained proliferation capabilities in the treatment of bone loss in osteoporosis (93). BMSCs and breast cancer stem cells have also been reported for breast cancer (94).…”

Long noncoding RNA AC092155 facilitates osteogenic differentiation of adipose‐derived stem cells through the miR‐143‐3p/STMN1 axis

“…3,4 Many studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess the potential for multidirectional differentiation and can be applied as potential donor cells for osteoporosis. 5,6 MSCs include adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUC-MSCs), and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). 7 Among these three types of MSCs, ADSCs are most easily obtained and have low immunogenicity.…”

Cornuside I promoted osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

“…The decreased ability of osteogenic potential of osteoblasts from MSCs is the major risk of OP [ 10 ]. Thus, promoting osteogenic differentiation is an important strategy to enhance bone mineral density and slow the development of OP [ 11 ]. So far, teriparatide is one of the most effective agents to improve the osteogenic promotion drugs in clinic [ 12 ].…”