Advances in MRI Research for First-Episode Schizophrenia: A Selective Review and NSFC-Funded Analysis

Abstract

Background and Hypotheses The causes of schizophrenia remain unclear, and research has been hindered by the lack of quantifiable standards. However, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is addressing these challenges, revealing critical neurobiological details and emphasizing its importance in both evaluation and treatment. Study Design First, we reviewed the progress of research on structural MRI (sMRI), functional MRI (fMRI), multimodal/multiomics analysis, artificial intelligence, and neuromodulation in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) over the past 5 years. Second, we summarize the current state of schizophrenia research funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) to facilitate academic exchange and cooperation both domestically and internationally. Study Results sMRI has identified early neurodevelopmental biomarkers in FES patients, and fMRI has highlighted functional abnormalities across disease stages. Multimodal/multiomics analysis has revealed complex brain–neurobiology interactions. Neuromodulation techniques, which directly modulate neural activity in specific brain regions, offer promising long-term benefits for stabilizing conditions and enhancing patients’ quality of life. NSFC-funded analysis shows China is increasing its funding for schizophrenia research, though funding distribution remains uneven. The research focus has shifted from a single perspective on brain structure and function to multichannel, multimodal comprehensive analysis methods. This progress has driven the integration of machine learning-driven multiomics research, aiming to construct disease classification models, explore disease mechanisms, and guide treatment from multidimensional and interdisciplinary perspectives. Conclusions MRI technology has provided new perspectives for the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia, especially the neurobiological foundations of the disease. Support from the NSFC provides a scientific and financial basis for future research and treatment, heralding scientific discoveries and technological innovations in this field and bringing hope to schizophrenia patients.