Advances in multiple wavelength anomalous diffraction crystallography

Ealick, S.E.

doi:10.1016/s1367-5931(00)00122-8

Cited by 60 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…contrast variation). Moreover, the ubiquitous "phase problem" (encountered in all of scattering) can be solved by utilizing different wavelength X-rays that are easily produced by synchrotrons, eliminating the traditional preparation of difficult to produce heavy atom derivatives that have traditionally been used for structural determination (Ealick, 2000). This technique of solving the phase problem is known as multiple wavelength anomalous diffraction, or MAD for short.…”

Section: Neutron and X-ray Diffractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of neutron and X-ray scattering to the study of biologically relevant model membranes

Pabst

Kučerka

Nieh

et al. 2010

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids

196

167

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Applications of Neutron and X-ray Scattering to the Study of Biologically Relevant Model MembranesPabst, G.; Kučerka, N.; Nieh, M.-P.; Rheinstädter, M.C.; Katsaras, J.This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Scattering techniques, in particular electron, neutron and X-ray scattering have played a major role in elucidating the static and dynamic structure of biologically relevant membranes. Importantly, neutron and X-ray scattering have evolved to address new sample preparations that better mimic biological membranes. In this review, we will report on some of the latest model membrane results, and the neutron and X-ray techniques that were used to obtain them. Crown

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Section: Neutron and X-ray Diffractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of neutron and X-ray scattering to the study of biologically relevant model membranes

Pabst

Kučerka

Nieh

et al. 2010

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids

196

167

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The wavelengths for both absorbance and emission maxima increased according to the electron-donating ability of the side chain of NCAA, illustrating the feasibility of designer fluorescent proteins with desirable spectral properties. Tirrell and Kwon [74] also explored the impact of substituting Trp66 in the chromophore of CFP with three Trp analogues, 6-bromotryptophan (6BrW) (25), 6-chlorotryptophan (6ClW) (26), and benzothienylalanine (BT) (27) (Fig. 4).The yPheRS Thr415Gly mutant (yPheRS_T415G) efficiently activated three Trp analogues, 6ClW, 6BrW, and BT, which were not utilized by the endogenous E. coli translational system.…”

Section: Improvement Of Enzyme Activity and Stability By Site-specifimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third, NCAAs containing a heavy atom, such as selenium, bromine, or iodine, are widely used to facilitate X-ray crystalstructure determination of proteins [23][24][25][26]. Residue-specific incorporation of selenomethionine into proteins using a methionine auxotrophic Escherichia coli strain allows multiple (MAD) and single wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD) phasing in X-ray crystallographic protein-structure determination [27,28]. Site-specific incorporation of p-iodophenylalanine and 3-iodotyrosine into bacteriophage T4 lysozyme and N-acetyltransferase, respectively, facilitates SAD phasing in protein-structure determination [25,26].…”

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confidence: 99%

Manipulation of enzyme properties by noncanonical amino acid incorporation

Zheng

Kwon

2011

Biotechnology Journal

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Since wild-type enzymes do not always have the properties needed for various applications, enzymes are often engineered to obtain desirable properties through protein engineering techniques. In the past decade, complementary to the widely used rational protein design and directed evolution techniques, noncanonical amino acid incorporation (NCAAI) has become a new and effective protein engineering technique. Recently, NCAAI has been used to improve intrinsic functions of proteins, such as enzymes and fluorescent proteins, beyond the capacities obtained with natural amino acids. Herein, recent progress on improving enzyme properties through NCAAI in vivo is reviewed and the challenges of current approaches and future directions are also discussed. To date, both NCAAI methods-residue- and site-specific incorporation-have been primarily used to improve the catalytic turnover number and substrate binding affinity of enzymes. Numerous strategies used to minimize structural perturbation and stability loss of a target enzyme upon NCAAI are also explored. Considering the generality of NCAAI incorporation, we expect its application could be expanded to improve other enzyme properties, such as substrate specificity and solvent resistance in the near future.

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“…The most important technological drivers were the increasing ease of recombinant protein expression and protein engineering (1), the emergence of stable and user-friendly synchrotron radiation sources (2) and highersensitivity NMR instrumentation (3), and the development of better experimental and computational approaches to facilitate crystal structure determination (4)(5)(6)(7)(8).…”

Section: The History Of Structural Genomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Structural Biology of the Human Proteome

Edwards

2009

Annu. Rev. Biochem.

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The large-scale structural biology projects that target human proteins focus predominantly on the catalytic domains of potential therapeutic targets and the domains of human proteins that mediate protein-protein and protein-small-molecule interactions. Their main scientific objective is to elucidate the molecular basis for specificity and selectivity of function within large protein families of therapeutic interest, such as kinases, phosphatases, and proteins involved in epigenetic regulation. Half of the unique human protein structures determined in the past three years derive from these initiatives.

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Advances in multiple wavelength anomalous diffraction crystallography

Cited by 60 publications

References 39 publications

Applications of neutron and X-ray scattering to the study of biologically relevant model membranes

Applications of neutron and X-ray scattering to the study of biologically relevant model membranes

Manipulation of enzyme properties by noncanonical amino acid incorporation

Large-Scale Structural Biology of the Human Proteome

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