Advances in Root System Architecture: Functionality, Plasticity, and Research Methods

Zhang, Zhiyong; Bao-min, Fan; Chen, Song; Zhang, Xiaoxian; Qing-wen, Zhao; Bing, Ye

doi:10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2023.01.002

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…2D or (2D + time series) methods such as rhizotrons or minirhizotrons allow time-series data to be collected, which allows for incremental growth, growth habits, and other underground growth activity such as nodulation and mycorrhizal activity to be observed [ 28 ]. While noninvasive, field direct 3D techniques such as ground-penetrating radar measurements of fine root materials and root hairs are not possible because of the technology's lack of resolution [ 29 ]. However, the use of other sensors such as electromagnetic resistance, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [ 30 ], positron emission tomography (PET) [ 27 ], x-ray computed tomography (x-ray CT) [ 31 ], and neutron tomography (NT) [ 32 ] have been successful in greenhouse and laboratory environments.…”

Section: Root Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The State of the Art in Root System Architecture Image Analysis Using Artificial Intelligence: A Review

Weihs,

Heuschele,

Tang

et al. 2024

Plant Phenomics

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Roots are essential for acquiring water and nutrients to sustain and support plant growth and anchorage. However, they have been studied less than the aboveground traits in phenotyping and plant breeding until recent decades. In modern times, root properties such as morphology and root system architecture (RSA) have been recognized as increasingly important traits for creating more and higher quality food in the “Second Green Revolution”. To address the paucity in RSA and other root research, new technologies are being investigated to fill the increasing demand to improve plants via root traits and overcome currently stagnated genetic progress in stable yields. Artificial intelligence (AI) is now a cutting-edge technology proving to be highly successful in many applications, such as crop science and genetic research to improve crop traits. A burgeoning field in crop science is the application of AI to high-resolution imagery in analyses that aim to answer questions related to crops and to better and more speedily breed desired plant traits such as RSA into new cultivars. This review is a synopsis concerning the origins, applications, challenges, and future directions of RSA research regarding image analyses using AI.

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Section: Root Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The State of the Art in Root System Architecture Image Analysis Using Artificial Intelligence: A Review

Weihs,

Heuschele,

Tang

et al. 2024

Plant Phenomics

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“…The excavation and washing methods were employed to examine the root architecture of the selected species from the study areas and to collect root specimens for further biomechanical analysis. In spite of the risk of breaking smaller roots, even with careful handling [41,42], this technique was considered the most reliable option given the resources and tools available during this study. It is a non-invasive exotic species and is cultivated for its seeds.…”

Section: Selection Of Plant Species and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Biomechanical Study of Potential Plants for Erosion Control and Slope Stabilization of Highland in Thailand

Mairaing,

Jotisankasa,

Leksungnoen

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Soil bioengineering provides a sustainable method for erosion control and soil slope stabilization using vegetation with multiple co-benefits. This study evaluated ten plant species in Thailand’s highland regions for their soil bioengineering potential and additional benefits. Root architecture, tensile strength, and Young’s modulus were measured to compare biomechanical traits. G. sepium, F. griffithii, P. americana, B. asiatica, and C. arabica exhibited H-type roots with wide lateral spread, while M. denticulata and C. officinarum had VH-type roots with deep taproots and wide lateral extent. A. sutepensis showed M-type roots with most root matrix in the top 0.3 m, where C. cajan and C. sinensis had R-type roots with deep, oblique growth. Most species showed a negative power relationship between the root strength and Young’s modulus with the root diameter except C. cajan that showed a positive correlation. P. americana, F. griffithii, C. officinarum, and C. arabica showed relatively high values of 1 mm root tensile strength (exceeding 24 to 42 MPa), while M. denticulata, G. sepium, and B. asiatica exhibited intermediate root tensile strength (ranging from 8 to 19 MPa). A. sutepensis, C. cajan, and C. sinensis demonstrated the lowest root tensile strength, up to 7 MPa. It is advised to plan slope vegetation by selecting diverse plant species with varying root structures and benefits, addressing both engineering and socioeconomic needs of the sustainable nature-based solution.

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“…The architecture of the root surface area determines the ability of plants to obtain water and nutrients, and can objectively reflect the plasticity of roots to adapt to the environment [30]. The root system structure is usually described by its topological structure and FD [31].…”

Section: Effects Of Different Intercropping Patterns On the Root Arch...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Root Architecture of Forage Species Varies with Intercropping Combinations

Liu,

Jiao,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Agronomy

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Belowground root systems under pasture intercropping exhibit complex interactions, and the root interactions of different intercropping combinations are still poorly understood. Therefore, in this work, two perennial and annual herbages were intercropped in pairs and evaluated at a ratio of 1:1. The root morphology and topological structure differed significantly with intercropping combinations. (1) Compared with other cropping patterns, the mean root diameter (RD) of intercropped alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) increased notably. The root surface area (RSA), root volume (RV), and mean RD increased significantly when oat (Avena sativa L.) was intercropped with alfalfa. Similarly, the RSA and RV increased in intercropped oat, intercropping relative to monocropping. (2) The forage topological index of the intercropping system was close to one, which was close to that of the herringbone branching. Additionally, the intercropping system had a lower intensity of underground root competition. The root system of the different forage intercropping combinations tended to transition to dichotomous branching. (3) The correlations between root parameters differed according to forage species. Therefore, different intercropping combinations had different belowground root levels of competitiveness and interactions, thereby changing the resource competition environment.

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Advances in Root System Architecture: Functionality, Plasticity, and Research Methods

Cited by 5 publications

References 82 publications

The State of the Art in Root System Architecture Image Analysis Using Artificial Intelligence: A Review

The State of the Art in Root System Architecture Image Analysis Using Artificial Intelligence: A Review

A Biomechanical Study of Potential Plants for Erosion Control and Slope Stabilization of Highland in Thailand

Root Architecture of Forage Species Varies with Intercropping Combinations

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