Advances in Shape Memory Alloy-Based Reinforcement in Steel Structures: A Review

Abstract

The utilization of shape memory alloys (SMAs) to reinforce steel structures has been proven to be an efficient and reliable method, the structural strengthening needs can be met without the need for tensioning equipment by activating the SMAs to generate restoring stresses. This paper firstly introduces the properties of SMA, and then presents the latest research progress, opportunities and challenges of SMA in the field of steel structural reinforcement, both in terms of basic components and applications. In terms of components, the construction forms and working mechanisms of Fe-SMA strips, SMA/CFRP composite patches and SMA dampers are introduced. On this basis, the application of SMA in steel structures reinforcement is introduced, and its effect is analyzed from three aspects: crack restoration, seismic retrofitting and structural strengthening. Finally, the results of the current research are summarized and the shortcomings are analyzed, hoping to provide a reference for the research of SMA in the field of steel structures reinforcement.

A Review of Smart Materials in 4D Printing for Hygrothermal Rehabilitation: Innovative Insights for Sustainable Building Stock Management

“…SMAs can absorb and dissipate energy during seismic events. This application increases the resilience of buildings in earthquakeprone regions, demonstrating how smart materials contribute to the safety and durability of structures [11]. Another example, but this time in the area of building energy performance, is the use of thermochromic materials in building facades.…”

“…These materials enable adaptive energy-efficient designs. These materials change color in response to changes in temperature, regulating heat absorption and reducing the need for artificial heating or cooling [11].…”

“…Thermochromic Materials: These materials change color with temperature variations, making them suitable for smart windows and indicating thermal conditions. Incorporating thermochromic materials into 4D printing allows for the creation of structures that can visually communicate changes in temperature, enhancing both functionality and aesthetics [11].…”