Advances in silica-based integrated optics

Poulsen, Mette Erecius

doi:10.1117/1.1605416

Cited by 55 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is capable of producing crystallographically oriented and amorphous layers and has been used for development of active waveguide devices based on glasses [128][129][130], oxides [131], and semiconductor alloys [132]. The CVD process involves growth of a solid film on a substrate either through chemical reactions in the gas phase or, by decomposition of a gaseous precursor of the material intended for deposition.…”

Section: Chemical Vapor Deposition (Cvd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Grivas

2011

Progress in Quantum Electronics

194

102

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Abstract:The tremendous interest in the field of waveguide lasers in the past two decades is largely attributed to the geometry of the gain medium, which provides the possibility to store optical energy on a very small dimension in the form of an optical mode. This allows for realization of sources with enhanced optical gain, low lasing threshold, and small footprint and opens up exciting possibilities in the area of integrated optics by facilitating their on-chip integration with different functionalities and highly compact photonic circuits. Moreover, this geometrical concept is compatible with high power diode pumping schemes as it provides exceptional thermal management, minimizing the impact of thermal loading on laser performance. The proliferation of techniques for fabrication and processing capable of producing high optical quality waveguides has greatly contributed to the growth of waveguide lasers from a topic of fundamental research to an area that encompasses a variety of practical applications. In this first part of the review on optically pumped waveguide lasers the properties that distinguish these sources from other classes of lasers will be discussed. Furthermore, the current state-of-the art in terms of fabrication tools used for producing waveguide lasers is reviewed from the aspects of the processes and the materials involved. 2 1.IntroductionOver the last two decades the field of solid-state planar waveguide lasers has experienced a steady growth, progressing from a laboratory curiosity to an area that demonstrates a broad spectrum of applications, from multiwavelength laser channel arrays for telecommunications to diode-pumped planar structures with multiwatt output powers for sensing and ranging applications. Waveguide lasers are by no means a new field and the first report on such a source dates back in 1961, when laser operation of a waveguide based on an active glass core rod embedded in a low refractive index cladding was demonstrated [1]. However research efforts in the years that followed this report focused primarily on the development of optically pumped laser sources based on high optical quality bulk dielectric laser media in the form of rods and slabs. The merits of the waveguide geometry and the associated optical confinement have been first highlighted in single mode glass optical fibers. Fibers have proven an enabling technology for realization of highly efficient amplifier and laser sources owing to their unrivalled low loss performance and ability to maintain a small spot size and hence high intensities over lengths that are orders of magnitude longer than would normally be allowed by diffraction, [2,3]. Er-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) in particular have directly contributed to the enormous expansion of the optical communications networks that underpin today's internet infrastructure by allowing for signal regeneration and optical data transmission over long distances. The excellent performance of fiber lasers and amplifiers provided motivation and triggered a major techn...

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Section: Chemical Vapor Deposition (Cvd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Grivas

2011

Progress in Quantum Electronics

194

102

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“…Planar integration of WGMRs with waveguides is deemed to be the most practical approach [184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192]. For example, strip-line pedestal antiresonant reflecting waveguides have been utilized for robust coupling to microsphere resonators as well as to photonic circuits [193][194][195][196].…”

Section: Coupling Loss and Quality Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear and Quantum Optics with Whispering Gallery Resonators

Strekalov

2015

Cleo: 2015

114

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Optical whispering gallery modes (WGMs) derive their name from a famous acoustic phenomenon of guiding a wave by a curved boundary observed nearly a century ago. This phenomenon has a rather general nature, equally applicable to sound and all other waves. It enables resonators of unique properties attractive both in science and engineering. Very high quality factors of optical WGM resonators persisting in a wide wavelength range spanning from radio frequencies to ultraviolet light, their small mode volume, and tunable in-and out-coupling make them exceptionally efficient for nonlinear optical applications. Nonlinear optics facilitates interaction of photons with each other and with other physical systems, and is of prime importance in quantum optics. In this paper we review numerous applications of WGM resonators in nonlinear and quantum optics. We outline the current areas of interest, summarize progress, highlight difficulties, and discuss possible future development trends in these areas.

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“…Their use in integrated optics [3] and waveguides [4] stems mainly from the large third order non-linear susceptibility due to the surface plasmon excitations of nanometric metal particles [5]. But also in basic research the plasmon absorption and its modelling following Mie theory have proven a versatile tool in understanding cluster size effects, specific quantum mechanical influences [6] and interface effects [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instability of Ag nanoparticles in SiO₂at ambient conditions

Hillenkamp¹,

Domenicantonio²,

Eugster³

et al. 2006

Nanotechnology

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Abstract. The room temperature stability of nanometer-sized silver clusters in silica matrices has been investigated by following the temporal evolution of their surface plasmon absorption. Ag clusters in SiO 2 were prepared by either annealing silica samples doped with atomic silver or by co-deposition of pre-formed clusters of defined size. Clusters were found to be unstable at ambient conditions on a time scale of days to weeks, independent of preparation conditions. The disappearance of the plasmonic resonance is explained by successive oxidation of the clusters even inside the matrix.

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Advances in silica-based integrated optics

Cited by 55 publications

References 76 publications

Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Nonlinear and Quantum Optics with Whispering Gallery Resonators

Instability of Ag nanoparticles in SiO₂at ambient conditions

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Advances in silica-based integrated optics

Cited by 55 publications

References 76 publications

Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Nonlinear and Quantum Optics with Whispering Gallery Resonators

Instability of Ag nanoparticles in SiO2at ambient conditions

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Product

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Instability of Ag nanoparticles in SiO₂at ambient conditions