Advances in the biosynthesis and metabolic engineering of rare ginsenosides

Li, Mingkai; Ma, Mengyu; Wu, Zhenke; Liang, Xiqin; Zheng, Qin; Li, Defang; An, Tianyue; Wang, Guoli

doi:10.1007/s00253-023-12549-6

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…Rare ginsenosides (Rh2, Rg3, etc.) contain less glycosyl, have better biological activity and higher body absorption rate and play a significant role in regulating metabolism, promoting cell differentiation and resisting tumors ( 56 , 57 ); however, their content in natural ginseng plants is very low. The types and contents of ginsenosides contained in different species of ginseng plants are different, and the content of ginsenosides in the same ginseng plants is also very different.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A terpenoids database with the chemical content as a novel agronomic trait

Li,

Chen,

Yang

et al. 2024

Database

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Natural products play a pivotal role in drug discovery, and the richness of natural products, albeit significantly influenced by various environmental factors, is predominantly determined by intrinsic genetics of a series of enzymatic reactions and produced as secondary metabolites of organisms. Heretofore, few natural product-related databases take the chemical content into consideration as a prominent property. To gain unique insights into the quantitative diversity of natural products, we have developed the first TerPenoids database embedded with Content information (TPCN) with features such as compound browsing, structural search, scaffold analysis, similarity analysis and data download. This database can be accessed through a web-based computational toolkit available at http://www.tpcn.pro/. By conducting meticulous manual searches and analyzing over 10 000 reference papers, the TPCN database has successfully integrated 6383 terpenoids obtained from 1254 distinct plant species. The database encompasses exhaustive details including isolation parts, comprehensive molecule structures, chemical abstracts service registry number (CAS number) and 7508 content descriptions. The TPCN database accentuates both the qualitative and quantitative dimensions as invaluable phenotypic characteristics of natural products that have undergone genetic evolution. By acting as an indispensable criterion, the TPCN database facilitates the discovery of drug alternatives with high content and the selection of high-yield medicinal plant species or phylogenetic alternatives, thereby fostering sustainable, cost-effective and environmentally friendly drug discovery in pharmaceutical farming. Database URL: http://www.tpcn.pro/

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A terpenoids database with the chemical content as a novel agronomic trait

Li,

Chen,

Yang

et al. 2024

Database

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The 11 ginsenosides are the main active components of ginseng, and the rare ginsenosides have potential application value [ 44 ]. Thus, the concentrations of the 11 ginsenosides in the ginseng solution before and after fermentation under the optimized conditions were determined ( Figure 6 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Antioxidant Activity of Compounds Generated during Ginseng Extract Fermentation Supplemented with Lactobacillus

Lin,

Wu,

Huang

et al. 2024

Molecules

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Ginseng holds high medicinal and cosmetic value, with stem and leaf extracts garnering attention for their abundant bioactive ingredients. Meanwhile, fermentation can enhance the effectiveness of cosmetics. The aim of this study was to optimize ginseng fermentation to produce functional cosmetics. Ginseng stem and leaf extracts were fermented with five different strains of lactic acid bacteria. Using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical (·OH), and superoxide anion (O2·−) scavenging activities as indicators, the fermentation process was optimized via response surface methodology. Finally, validation of the antioxidant activity of the optimized fermentation broth was performed using human skin cells (HaCaT and BJ cells). Based on the antioxidant potency composite comprehensive index, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 1.140 was selected, and the optimized parameters were a fermentation time of 35.50 h, an inoculum size of 2.45%, and a temperature of 28.20 °C. Optimized fermentation boosted antioxidant activity: DPPH scavenging activity increased by 25.00%, ·OH by 94.00%, and O2·− by 73.00%. Only the rare ginsenoside Rg5 showed a substantial rise in content among the 11 ginsenosides examined after fermentation. Furthermore, the flavonoid content and ·OH scavenging activity were significantly negatively correlated (r = −1.00, p < 0.05), while the Rh1 content and O2·− scavenging activity were significantly positively correlated (r = 0.998, p < 0.05). Both the 0.06% (v/v) and 0.25% (v/v) concentrations of the optimized broth significantly promoted cell proliferation, and notable protective effects against oxidative damage were observed in HaCaT cells when the broth was at 0.06%. Collectively, we demonstrated that ginseng fermentation extract effectively eliminates free radicals, preventing and repairing cellular oxidative damage. This study has identified new options for the use of fermented ginseng in functional cosmetics.

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“…(2) Metabolic engineering of plant specialized metabolites in microorganisms or plant chassis could greatly improve the production of valuable ginsenosides. 170,171 Green bioproduction of few ginsenosides, such as Rh1, 172 Rh2, 173 CK, 174 and F1, 175 has been achieved based on the biosynthetic pathway from P. ginseng . However, the biosynthesis of many ginsenosides remains unclear, and metabolic engineering faces challenges, including novel gene element identification, chassis selection and modification, and fermentation engineering optimization, to improve the titers of the target ginsenosides.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%