Advances in the Synthesis and Applications of Self-Activated Fluorescent Nano- and Micro-Hydroxyapatite

Tailoring the structure and self-activated photoluminescence of carbonated amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles for bioimaging applications

“…[6][7][8][9] An intriguing feature of HA NPs is their high structural flexibility, which allows the stabilization of diverse structural and point defects for the optimization of self-activated photoluminescence (PL) emission. 10 The latter offers a promising avenue to create a new class of biocompatible luminescent materials for various fluorescence imaging and theragnostic applications in nanomedicine, [11][12][13][14][15] which advantages include the simpler preparation methods of the luminescent HA NPs that eliminate the need for activator ions or fluorophores. However, while the mechanisms underlying these luminescent properties and possible applications have been extensively studied in HA NPs, further investigations are required to gain comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon in ACP, and thus explore its potential uses in nanomedicine.…”