Advances in Ultra-Trace Analytical Capability for Micro/Nanoplastics and Water-Soluble Polymers in the Environment: Fresh Falling Urban Snow

Wang, Zi; Saadé, Nadim K.; Ariya, Parisa A.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116698

Cited by 38 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…The expression levels of HMGB1-regulated inflammation markers in transfected cells subjected to conditions of hypoxia and H/A followed patterns that are consistent with positive and negative regulation by hypoxia and miR-126, respectively (Figures 4(b)-4(e)). The HMGB1 gene is positively regulated by hypoxia through PI3K and YAP/Hippo pathways, that are independent of HIF-1α, and HMGB1 positively regulates the expression of HIF-1α [76][77][78][79][80][81]. Consistent with this, the inflammatory marker expression was only partially eliminated by miR-126 premiR transfection (OE) of cells under neutral hypoxia, compared with aerobic cells (Figures 4(b)-4(e), columns 1, 2, and 4), and the highest levels of inflammatory marker expression were seen in antagomiR expressing cells under H/A, a condition that drives maximal suppression of miR-126, sustained hypoxia, and reduced HIF-1α.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MiR-126-HMGB1-HIF-1 Axis Regulates Endothelial Cell Inflammation during Exposure to Hypoxia-Acidosis

Liu

Wei²,

Wei

et al. 2021

Disease Markers

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Crosstalk between molecular regulators miR-126, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1-α), and high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) contributes to the regulation of inflammation and angiogenesis in multiple physiological and pathophysiological settings. Here, we present evidence of an overriding role for miR-126 in the regulation of HMGB1 and its downstream proinflammatory effectors in endothelial cells subjected to hypoxia with concurrent acidosis (H/A). Methods. Primary mouse endothelial cells (PMEC) were exposed to hypoxia or H/A to simulate short or chronic low-flow ischemia, respectively. RT-qPCR quantified mRNA transcripts, and proteins were measured by western blot. ROS were quantified by fluorogenic ELISA and luciferase reporter assays employed to confirm an active miR-126 target in the HMGB1 3 ′ UTR. Results. Enhanced expression of miR-126 in PMECs cultured under neutral hypoxia was suppressed under H/A, whereas the HMGB1 expression increased sequentially under both conditions. Enhanced expression of HMGB1 and downstream inflammation markers was blocked by the premiR-126 overexpression and optimized by antagomiR. Compared with neutral hypoxia, H/A suppressed the HIF-1α expression independently of miR-126. The results show that HMGB1 and downstream effectors are optimally induced by H/A relative to neutral hypoxia via crosstalk between hypoxia signaling, miR-126, and HIF-1α, whereas B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl2), a HIF-1α, and miR-126 regulated gene expressed optimally under neutral hypoxia. Conclusion. Inflammatory responses of ECs to H/A are dynamically regulated by the combined actions of hypoxia, miR-126, and HIF-1α on the master regulator HMGB1. The findings may be relevant to vascular diseases including atherosclerotic occlusion and interiors of plaque where coexisting hypoxia and acidosis promote inflammation as a defining etiology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MiR-126-HMGB1-HIF-1 Axis Regulates Endothelial Cell Inflammation during Exposure to Hypoxia-Acidosis

Liu

Wei²,

Wei

et al. 2021

Disease Markers

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“…For example, in a recent investigation, the supraglacial debris of the Forni Glacier (Italian Alps) reportedly contained 74.4 ± 28.3 MNPs/kg of dry weight sediments (Ambrosini et al, 2019). Other studies have also reported the presence of MNPs in fresh falling snow in Canada (21,900 ng/l) and Austria (23,600 ng/l; Materić et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2021b). However, higher MNP concentrations were found in the Arctic and European snow, ranging from 0 to 154,000 particles/l, indicating high MNPs transmission along with this atmospheric current (Bergmann et al, 2019).…”

Section: Occurrence and Effects Of Mnps In The Atmospherementioning

confidence: 96%

Environmental Impacts of Microplastics and Nanoplastics: A Current Overview

et al. 2021

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The increasing distribution of miniaturized plastic particles, viz. microplastics (100 nm–5 mm) and nanoplastics (less than 100 nm), across the various ecosystems is currently a subject of major environmental concern. Exacerbating these concerns is the fact that microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) display different properties from their corresponding bulk materials; thus, not much is understood about their full biological and ecological implications. Currently, there is evidence to prove that these miniaturized plastic particles release toxic plastic additives and can adsorb various chemicals, thereby serving as sinks for various poisonous compounds, enhancing their bioavailability, toxicity, and transportation. Furthermore, there is a potential danger for the trophic transfer of MNPs to humans and other higher animals, after being ingested by lower organisms. Thus, this paper critically analyzes our current knowledge with regard to the environmental impacts of MNPs. In this regard, the properties, sources, and damaging effects of MNPs on different habitats, particularly on the biotic components, were elucidated. Similarly, the consequent detrimental effects of these particles on humans as well as the current and future efforts at mitigating these detrimental effects were discussed. Finally, the self-cleaning efforts of the planet via a range of saprophytic organisms on these synthetic particles were also highlighted.

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“…Ingestion is considered the primary route of human plastic exposure [ 183 ]. It is estimated that, on average, an adult person consumes around 39,000–52,000 particles a year [ 184 ] or 5 g of plastic every week [ 185 ]—the equivalent of a credit card.…”

Section: Global Plastic Crisis—intestinal Consequences?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Intestinal Barrier—Shielding the Body from Nano- and Microparticles in Our Diet

Schwarzfischer

Rogler

2022

Metabolites

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Nano- and microparticles are an implicit part of the human diet. They are unknowingly ingested with our food that contains them as additives or pollutants. However, their impact on human health is not yet understood and controversially discussed. The intestinal epithelial barrier shields our body against exogenous influences, such as commensal bacteria, pathogens, and body-foreign particles and, therefore, protects our body integrity. Breakdown of the intestinal epithelial barrier and aberrant immune responses are key events in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Epithelial lesions might enable systemic translocation of nano- and microparticles into the system, eventually triggering an excessive immune response. Thus, IBD patients could be particularly vulnerable to adverse health effects caused by the ingestion of synthetic particles with food. The food-additive titanium dioxide (TiO2) serves as a coloring agent in food products and is omnipresent in the Western diet. TiO2 nanoparticles exacerbate intestinal inflammation by activation of innate and adaptive immune response. Because of serious safety concerns, the use of TiO2 as a food additive was recently banned from food production within the European Union. Due to environmental pollution, plastic has entered the human food chain, and plastic microparticles have been evidenced in the drinking water and comestible goods. The impact of plastic ingestion and its resulting consequences on human health is currently the subject of intense research. Focusing on TiO2 and plastic particles in the human diet and their impact on epithelial integrity, gut homeostasis, and intestinal inflammation, this review is addressing contemporary hot topics which are currently attracting a lot of public attention.

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Advances in Ultra-Trace Analytical Capability for Micro/Nanoplastics and Water-Soluble Polymers in the Environment: Fresh Falling Urban Snow

Cited by 38 publications

References 91 publications

MiR-126-HMGB1-HIF-1 Axis Regulates Endothelial Cell Inflammation during Exposure to Hypoxia-Acidosis

MiR-126-HMGB1-HIF-1 Axis Regulates Endothelial Cell Inflammation during Exposure to Hypoxia-Acidosis

Environmental Impacts of Microplastics and Nanoplastics: A Current Overview

The Intestinal Barrier—Shielding the Body from Nano- and Microparticles in Our Diet

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