Advances on Water Quality Detection by UV-Vis Spectroscopy

Abstract

Water resources are closely linked to human productivity and life. Owing to the deteriorating water resources environment, accurate and rapid determination of the main water quality parameters has become a current research hotspot. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy offers an effective tool for qualitative analysis and quantitative detection of contaminants in a water environment. In this review, the principle and application of UV-Vis technology in water quality detection were studied. The principle of UV-Vis spectroscopy for detecting water quality parameters and the method of modeling and analysis of spectral data were presented. Various UV-Vis technologies for water quality detection were reviewed according to the types of pollutants, such as chemical oxygen demand, heavy metal ions, nitrate nitrogen, and dissolved organic carbon. Finally, the future development of UV-Vis spectroscopy for the determination of water quality was discussed.

Prediction and Utilization of Malondialdehyde in Exotic Pine Under Drought Stress Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

“…One advantage of using NIR spectroscopy is that it can model properties robustly without depending on unique chemical signals by applying statistical methods of chemometrics. Nonetheless, while collecting the NIR spectroscopy data, often high-frequency sounds, personnel operations, the external environment, and irrelevant noises are liable to interfere with this process, so it is vital to select effective spectral information (Guo et al, 2020 ). Accordingly, implementing appropriate spectral preprocessing and variable selection can improve the accuracy of a fitted model (Zou et al, 2010 ; Gerretzen et al, 2016 ).…”

“…Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a highly flexible form of analysis, whose applications began in the 1950s (Pasquini and Celio, 2003 ; Mohamed et al, 2018 ; Chu et al, 2020 ). Since then, through over half a century of development, it has matured and is now widely employed in food, medicine, petrochemical, and other research fields (Mohamed et al, 2018 ; Guo et al, 2020 ). In recent years, NIR spectroscopy technology has become increasingly and broadly used in forestry, for example, to estimate photosynthetic characteristics (Dechant et al, 2017 ), to predict leaf-level nitrogen content (Kokaly, 2001 ), to distinguish bamboo shoots of different qualities (Tong et al, 2020 ), and to name a few applications.…”

Contemporary Developments and Emerging Trends in the Application of Spectroscopy Techniques: A Particular Reference to Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.)

“…UV–VIS spectroscopy is based on Lambert–Beer’s law for estimating quality parameters such as anisidine value, peroxide value, and total oxidation value indicators of oxidation oils. The principle behind Lambert–Beer’s law relies on the ray of parallel monochromatic light, which illuminates the tested matrix [ 24 ]. After passing through the sample of a specified thickness, the light of a specific wavelength gets absorbed using the electron movement from the ground state to an excited state, reducing the amount of transmitted light.…”

Lead Assays with Smartphone Detection Using a Monolithic Rod with 4-(2-Pyridylazo) Resorcinol

“…The development of lead determination has been of interest for various kinds of applications, including water monitoring. Even in recent decades, there have been a number of reports devoted to lead monitoring, including the use of nanoparticles [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ] and smartphones [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], although various screen-printed electrodes have been used for the electrochemical analysis of lead [ 12 , 13 , 14 ], with the aims of improved sensitivity and more convenient procedures.…”

“…Pretreatment may be associated with the colorimetric determination of lead using PAR. Some sorbents such as AV-17 [ 17 , 18 , 19 ], polyurethane foam (PUF) [ 20 ], Amberlite XAD-1180 [ 21 ], Amberlite XAD-7 [ 22 ], modified silica [ 23 ], imprinted polymer nanoparticles [ 24 ], modified nano-alumina [ 6 ], nanomagnetic materials [ 3 , 5 ], TrisKem Pb resin [ 25 ], NOBIAS chelate PA-1 [ 26 ], Amberlite IR-120 [ 27 ], PB-resin [ 28 ], and nonwoven polypropylene [ 29 ] have been employed. Some of those were used to sorb lead with elution, for the next step of forming color with PAR for a colorimetric assay [ 22 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”