Adventitial Microcirculation Is a Major Target of SARS-CoV-2-Mediated Vascular Inflammation

Vasuri, Francesco; Ciavarella, Carmen; Collura, Salvatore; Mascoli, Chiara; Valente, Sabrina; Degiovanni, Alessio; Gargiulo, Mauro; Capri, Miriam; Pasquinelli, Gianandrea

doi:10.3390/biom11071063

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Fibrin microthrombi near pericytes were noted in the lungs. Another study reported the development of an occlusive arterial disease requiring lower left limb amputation and, upon histological examination, identified lymphocytic infiltrate and edema of adventitial vasa vasorum ( 203 ). More recently, multiple occlusive microthrombi were noted in the vasa vasorum amidst numerous atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta of a patient with a fatal COVID-19 infection ( 204 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On vasa vasorum: A history of advances in understanding the vessels of vessels

Phillippi

2022

Sci. Adv.

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The vasa vasorum are a vital microvascular network supporting the outer wall of larger blood vessels. Although these dynamic microvessels have been studied for centuries, the importance and impact of their functions in vascular health and disease are not yet fully realized. There is now rich knowledge regarding what local progenitor cell populations comprise and cohabitate with the vasa vasorum and how they might contribute to physiological and pathological changes in the network or its expansion via angiogenesis or vasculogenesis. Evidence of whether vasa vasorum remodeling incites or governs disease progression or is a consequence of cardiovascular pathologies remains limited. Recent advances in vasa vasorum imaging for understanding cardiovascular disease severity and pathophysiology open the door for theranostic opportunities. Approaches that strive to control angiogenesis and vasculogenesis potentiate mitigation of vasa vasorum–mediated contributions to cardiovascular diseases and emerging diseases involving the microcirculation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On vasa vasorum: A history of advances in understanding the vessels of vessels

Phillippi

2022

Sci. Adv.

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“…While data is sparse, Pasquinelli et al showed, through histological analysis, that adventitial microcirculation is a major target of SARS-COV-2 mediated vascular inflammation. In their case they found that endothelial inflammation was most prevalent in the perivascular microcirculation as endothelial cells are primary targets of the SARS-Cov-2 virus [ 14 ]. It is impossible to know for fact, but in our patient, there may have been a component of localized microcirculatory thrombosis and subsequent adventitial fibrosis that resulted in our cannula becoming adhered to the luminal wall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhered ECMO cannula in COVID-19 related severe acute respiratory failure

Kamalia

Carlson

Melamed

et al. 2022

J Cardiothorac Surg

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Background Crescent cannula adhesion in the setting of COVID-19 respiratory failure requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support is a novel complication. The objective of this case presentation is to highlight this rare complication and to explore potential predisposing factors and our management strategies. Case presentation We present the case of a 25 y.o. patient with COVID-19 respiratory failure requiring ECMO support for 16-days in which a 32 Fr crescent cannula became adherent to the SVC and proximal jugular vein. Attempts to remove the cannula at the bedside failed due to immobility of the cannula. Ultrasound of the right neck was unremarkable, so he was taken to the hybrid OR where both TEE and fluoroscopy were unrevealing. An upper sternotomy was performed, and the superior vena cava and proximal jugular vein were dissected revealing a 2 cm segment of the distal SVC and proximal jugular vein that was densely sclerosed and adherent to the cannula. The vessel was opened across the adherent area at the level of the innominate vein and the cannula was then able to be withdrawn. The patient suffered no ill effects and had an unremarkable recovery to discharge. Conclusions To date, there have been no reports of crescent cannula adhesion related complications. In patients with COVID-19 respiratory failure requiring ECMO, clinicians should be aware of widespread hypercoagulability and the potential of unprovoked, localized venous sclerosis and cannula adhesion. We report our technique of decannulation in the setting of cannula adhesion and hope that presentation will shed further light on this complication allowing clinicians to optimize patient care.

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“…Moreover, several dysregulated miRNA including 4 down-regulated miRNAs (miR-486-5p, miR-451a, miR-206, and miR-142-5p) and 5 up-regulated miRNAs (miR-155-3p, miR-27a-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-17-5p, and miR-107) were associated with pathophysiology in response to viral replication (42-49). Among them, miR-486-5p, miR-451a, miR-142-5p, miR-27a-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-17-5p have been reported to be dysregulated in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients (50)(51)(52)(53), while others such as miR-206, miR-155-3p and miR-107 have not been associated with SARS-CoV-2 viral infection, suggesting that host miRNAs reacting at early stage of SARS-CoV-2 infection might play important roles in host-SARS-CoV-2 interaction.…”

Section: Host Mirnas React To Sars-cov-2 Infections In Vero Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 RNAs are processed into 22-nt vsRNAs in Vero cells

Liu

Rao²,

Mi³

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the global pandemic, resulting in great fatalities around the world. Although the antiviral roles of RNA interference (RNAi) have been well studied in plants, nematodes and insects, the antiviral roles of RNAi in mammalians are still debating as RNAi effect is suspected to be suppressed by interferon (IFN) signaling pathways in most cell types. To determine the role of RNAi in mammalian resistance to SARS-CoV-2, we studied the profiling of host small RNAs and SARS-CoV-2 virus-derived small RNAs (vsRNAs) in the early infection stages of Vero cells, an IFN-deficient cell line. We found that host microRNAs (miRNAs) were dysregulated upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, resulting in downregulation of microRNAs playing antiviral functions and upregulation of microRNAs facilitating viral proliferations. Moreover, vsRNA peaked at 22 nt at negative strand but not the positive strand of SARS-CoV-2 and formed successive Dicer-spliced pattern at both strands. Similar characteristics of vsRNAs were observed in IFN-deficient cell lines infected with Sindbis and Zika viruses. Together, these findings indicate that host cell may deploy RNAi pathway to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection in IFN-deficient cells, informing the alternative antiviral strategies to be developed for patients or tissues with IFN deficiency.

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Adventitial Microcirculation Is a Major Target of SARS-CoV-2-Mediated Vascular Inflammation

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

On vasa vasorum: A history of advances in understanding the vessels of vessels

On vasa vasorum: A history of advances in understanding the vessels of vessels

Adhered ECMO cannula in COVID-19 related severe acute respiratory failure

SARS-CoV-2 RNAs are processed into 22-nt vsRNAs in Vero cells

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