Adverse consequences of vaccination

Tizard, Ian R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-68299-2.00019-8

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…One of the reasons for this result is that the Leisguard ® dose administration is linked to body weight so large dogs need a high daily dose and therefore a higher expenditure than when being used for small dogs [ 16 ]. Another explanation is the fact that small size dogs are more prone to adverse effects after vaccination [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of preventive measures and serological screening tools for Leishmania infantum infection in dogs from Europe

Solano‐Gallego

2022

Parasites Vectors

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Background There are several screening tools for detecting Leishmania infantum infection in dogs and various preventive measures to protect against it. Some studies have investigated them, but not many have described their current use. The aim of this study was to investigate which preventive measures and serological screening tools for L. infantum infection were employed from 2012 to 2018 in dogs from different endemic European countries. Methods A set of electronic datasheets was completed for each dog from several veterinary centres. Classification of preventive measures included: (1) repellents, (2) vaccines and (3) immunomodulators. Classification of serological tests included the: (1) direct agglutination test (DAT), (2) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), (3) indirect immunofluorescence (IFI), (4) rapid tests and (5) other assays. Dogs were also classified depending on their risk of exposure and living area. Results Information from 3762 dogs was gathered. Preventive measures were applied in 91.5% of dogs and the most frequently used were repellents (86.2%) followed by vaccines (39.8%) and Leisguard® (15.3%). The different types of repellents (collar and spot-on) were used similarly. A combination of a vaccine and repellents was preferred in the high-risk group while the low-risk preferred a combination of Leisguard® and a repellent (Chi-square test: X2 = 88.41, df = 10, P < 0.001). Furthermore, all preventive measures were similarly used through the years except for repellents, which were predicted to have a small increase of use each year. Regarding serological screening tools, the most used were rapid and ELISA tests. Rapid tests, ELISA tests and DAT were used similarly through the years, but a significant change was found in the use of IFI and other assays whose use decreased a little each year. Conclusions Repellents were the preferred measure, while vaccines and Leisguard® were second-line options. Some dogs were not treated by any measures, which highlights the need for dog owner education. Moreover, there seems to be a preference for rapid tests in the clinical setting to detect specific L. infantum antibodies while ELISA or IFI are less often employed. This underlines an increasing problem, as qualitative rapid tests have a variable diagnostic performance limiting the adequate diagnosis of seropositive dogs in endemic areas. Graphical abstract

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of preventive measures and serological screening tools for Leishmania infantum infection in dogs from Europe

Solano‐Gallego

2022

Parasites Vectors

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“… 29 , 30 This method enables detection of some rare vaccine adverse events such as death and other complications over a relatively longer period of time. 31 However, the practicality of this approach in veterinary medicine particularly in resource limited countries is quite challenging. First, food or production animals have a rapid population turnover (eg small ruminants) staying for a relatively short period of time in the flock due to market and household consumption making the task of animal follow-up postvaccination impractical.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It could occur in response to technical errors in vaccine storage, preparation, handling, and administration or due to coincidental events that happen by chance or result from some underlying illness. 31 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Preliminary Investigation on a Commercial Ovine Pasteurellosis Vaccine Using Clinical and Pathological Endpoints

Asfaw¹,

Senbit²,

Yesuf³

et al. 2022

IDR

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Introduction In this study we aimed to provide preliminary evidence on the safety and efficacy of the currently used ovine pasteurellosis vaccine in Ethiopia using clinical and pathological endpoints. Methods Twenty, conventionally reared, apparently healthy, seronegative male lambs, were randomly classified into two groups of 10 animals as “vaccinated-challenged” and ”unvaccinated-challenged controls”. The first group received 1 mL of the licensed Pasteurella multocida biotype A based vaccine subcutaneously while the second group received phosphate-buffered saline as a placebo. Following vaccination, lambs were monitored for one month for potential vaccine adverse reactions. Five weeks postvaccination, all lambs were immunosuppressed using dexamethasone, and intratracheally challenged with 5.2×10 9 CFU/mL live Mannheimia haemolytica A1 (clinical isolates). Then, all lambs were followed up for eight days for clinical examination and necropsied on the ninth day postchallenge for pathological investigation. Results There were no safety issues recorded during the study. In terms of clinical signs, lambs developed fever, depression, mucoid bilateral oculonasal discharge, coughing and sneezing regardless of their vaccination status. Fisher’s exact test between vaccination status and each clinical sign showed a statistically insignificant association ( p >0.05). The main pathological findings in both groups were pulmonary congestion, atelectasis, emphysema, and suppurative bronchopneumonia. Consolidation lung lesion score of +1 (5/10 of vaccinated, 6/10 of unvaccinated) and +2 (3/10 of vaccinated, 4/10 of unvaccinated) were recorded in a statistically indifferent manner among both vaccinated and nonvaccinated groups ( p >0.05). Discussion and Conclusion Collectively, the results suggested that the vaccine posed no safety concern and presumably lacks protective efficacy against local isolates. However, the study did not analyze antibody titer and their functionality using serum bactericidal assays. Further confirmatory studies could provide more evidence on the vaccine efficacy. Safety should further be assessed in a field setting involving a large number of animals to enable detection of rare vaccine adverse events.

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“…In previous work, we suggested ∆BW and ∆HP as novel resilience indicators in pigs, assuming that resilient pigs will quickly recover their growth performance and show high values of ∆BW and a minor activation of haptoglobin following a minor challenge with a commercial vaccine [8]. Some vaccines induce an episode of temporary growth arrest due to the anorexic effect of hyperthermia and inflammation [30], although the molecular mechanism of the growth depression is not fully understood. Vaccine challenges have been used to study variability in immune and production performance of livestock species and to predict their future response to infectious outbreaks [31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A genome-wide screen for resilient responses in growing pigs

et al. 2022

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Background There is a growing interest to decipher the genetic background of resilience and its possible improvement through selective breeding. The objective of the present study was to provide new insights into the genetic make-up of resilience in growing pigs by identifying genomic regions and candidate genes associated with resilience indicators. Commercial Duroc pigs were challenged with an attenuated Aujeszky vaccine at 12 weeks of age. Two resilience indicators were used: deviation from the expected body weight at 16 weeks of age given the growth curve of non-vaccinated pigs (∆BW) and the increase in acute-phase protein haptoglobin at four days post-vaccination (∆HP). Genome-wide association analyses were carried out on 445 pigs, using genotypes at 41,165 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and single-marker and Bayesian multiple-marker regression approaches. Results Genomic regions on pig chromosomes 2, 8, 9, 11 (∆BW) and 8, 9, 13 (∆HP) were found to be associated with the resilience indicators and explained high proportions of their genetic variance. The genomic regions that were associated explained 27 and 5% of the genetic variance of ∆BW and ∆HP, respectively. These genomic regions harbour promising candidate genes that are involved in pathways related to immune response, response to stress, or signal transduction (CD6, PTGDR2, IKZF1, RNASEL and MYD88), and growth (GRB10 and LCORL). Conclusions Our study identified novel genomic regions that are associated with two resilience indicators (∆BW and ∆HP) in pigs. These associated genomic regions harbour potential candidate genes involved in immune response and growth pathways, which emphasise the strong relationship between resilience and immune response.

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Adverse consequences of vaccination

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Use of preventive measures and serological screening tools for Leishmania infantum infection in dogs from Europe

Use of preventive measures and serological screening tools for Leishmania infantum infection in dogs from Europe

A Preliminary Investigation on a Commercial Ovine Pasteurellosis Vaccine Using Clinical and Pathological Endpoints

A genome-wide screen for resilient responses in growing pigs

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