Aedes albopictus is a natural vector of Dirofilaria immitis in Italy

Cancrini, Gabriella; Regalbono, Antonio Frangipane di; Ricci, Irene; Tessarin, Cinzia; Gabrielli, Simona; Pietrobelli, Mario

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2003.10.011

Cited by 156 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…have spread towards the eastern and north-eastern European countries, but only limited epidemiological information is available from there (Genchi et al, 2009(Genchi et al, , 2011. Spread of cardiopulmonary dirofilar-N o n c o m m e r c i a l u s e o n l y iosis in Europe could be due to several factors, such as global warming (Genchi et al, 2001;Sassnau et al, 2014), the presence of vectors as well as adequate climate conditions needed for its development, new species of competent mosquitoes (Madon et al, 2002;Cancrini et al, 2003;Roiz et al, 2007), increasing number of dogs travelling with their owners, e.g., for holiday trips, and a growing role of reservoirs such as jackals and foxes (Tolnai et al, 2014). The presence of canine and human Dirofilaria infections in the Balkan Peninsula suggests that climate, ecology factors and mosquito abundance are suitable for the full development and transmission of the infection (Tasić-Otaševi et al, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

Geographic distribution of canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection in stray dogs of eastern Romania

et al. 2016

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A survey was conducted in the eastern part of Romania to assess the prevalence and geographical distribution of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs. Plasma samples were collected from 458 stray dogs hosted in shelters in 8 counties and tested serologically for the presence of heartworm. In addition, 45 blood samples from dogs of a shelter in Galati city were examined by the modified Knott and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. The immmunological assay showed a heartworm infection prevalence of 8.9% in the dogs. Optical density results for positive samples ranged between 0.217 and 2.683. Geographical information systems (GIS) were used to produce overlays of distribution maps of D. immitis prevalence and predictive maps based on temperature suitability. High prevalence of D. immitis was found in the central East up to the northern border of the country, i.e.Galati county (60%), followed by the counties of Vaslui (12.0%) and Iasi (7.7%). Out of 45 samples examined using the Knott test, 23 were positive for circulating microfilariae (51.1%), while 19 dogs were positive for D. immitis and 4 for both D. immitis and D. repens with the multiplex PCR test. The high prevalence for D. immitis shown in dogs in the Southeast (Galati, 42.2%) also by multiplex PCR gave strong support to the results achieved by the serological tests. The present study confirms the ability of GIS to predict the distribution and epidemiology of dirofilariosis in different geographical territories as has been already demonstrated by the empirical epidemiological data obtained at the continental, national and intraregional levels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic distribution of canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection in stray dogs of eastern Romania

et al. 2016

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“…Recent evidence has shown transmission of the parasite by Italian A. albopictus populations (Cancrini et al 2003a(Cancrini et al ,2003b, coupled with an increase in the prevalence of human dirofilariasis in Italy (Pampiglione et al 2001).…”

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A Review of the Invasive Mosquitoes in Europe: Ecology, Public Health Risks, and Control Options

Medlock¹,

Hansford²,

Schaffner

et al. 2012

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

575

511

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There has been growing interest in Europe in recent years in the establishment and spread of invasive mosquitoes, notably the incursion of Aedes albopictus through the international trade in used tires and lucky bamboo, with onward spread within Europe through ground transport. More recently, five other non-European aedine mosquito species have been found in Europe, and in some cases populations have established locally and are spreading. Concerns have been raised about the involvement of these mosquito species in transmission cycles of pathogens of public health importance, and these concerns were borne out following the outbreak of chikungunya fever in Italy in 2007, and subsequent autochthonous cases of dengue fever in France and Croatia in 2010. This article reviews current understanding of all exotic (five introduced invasive and one intercepted) aedine species in Europe, highlighting the known import pathways, biotic and abiotic constraints for establishment, control strategies, and public health significance, and encourages Europe-wide surveillance for invasive mosquitoes.

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“…Aedes albopictus (Skuse) is an important vector for arbovirusis such as dengue and Japanese encephalitis in Asia (Gratz 2004), and was associated with dirofi lariosis in dogs in Italy (Cancrini et al 2003). Even though this mosquito species is not considered a competent vector of such diseases in the American continent, under experimental conditions it is shown to be competent to transmit, at least, 22 arbovirusis, including the four serotypes of the dengue virus, yellow fever and the West Nile virus (Gratz 2004).…”

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Eclosion rate, development and survivorship of Aedes albopictus (Skuse)(Diptera: Culicidae) under different water temperatures

Monteiro¹,

Souza²,

Albuquerque³

2007

Neotrop. entomol.

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Neotropical Entomology 36 (6):966-971 (2007) Eclosão, Desenvolvimento e Sobrevivência de Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) sob Diferentes Condições de Temperatura da Água RESUMO -Em áreas tropicais, onde as populações de insetos vetores são particularmente abundantes, as temperatura usualmente variam entre 25°C e 35°C. Considerando a importância dessa variação na determinação da dinâmica populacional de mosquitos, neste trabalho, desenvolvimento e as taxas de eclosão e sobrevivência dos estágios imaturos de Aedes albopictus (Skuse) foram comparados sob temperaturas constantes de 25, 30 e 35°C (em câmaras climatizadas) e ambientes (25°C a 29°C). A taxa de eclosão foi considerada como o total de larvas obtidas após 24h. O período de desenvolvimento, assim como a taxa de sobrevivência larval e pupal foram avaliados diariamente. A taxa de eclosão foi signifi cativamente mais elevada sob temperatura ambiente comparada às constantes, sugerindo que a variação da temperatura pode ser um fator estimulante da eclosão. O tempo médio de eclosão aumentou com a temperatura, variando de 2,8h (25ºC) a 5,2h (35ºC). A duração do período larval apresentou grande variabilidade dentro de cada grupo, embora não tenha diferido signifi cativamente entre os mesmos (11,0 ± 4,19 dias), tendo sido mais longo para indivíduos mantidos na água a 35°C (12,0 ± 4,95 dias) e temperatura ambiente (13,6 ± 5,98 dias). Ao contrário, a sobrevivência das larvas foi fortemente afetada na temperatura mais elevada, onde apenas um indivíduo alcançou o estágio adulto. Esses resultados sugerem que a população de Ae. albopictus de Recife pode estar em processo de adaptação ao aumento de temperatura e que o limite para o desenvolvimento de estágios larvais se encontra próximo a 35°C. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Biologia, vetor, ciclo de vida, limite térmicoABSTRACT -In tropical areas, where vector insects populations are particularly numerous, temperature usually range between 25°C and 35°C. Considering the importance of such temperature variation in determining mosquitoes population dynamics, in this work the developmental, eclosion and survival rates of the immature stages of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) were compared under constant 25, 30 and 35°C (using acclimatized chambers) and environmental (25°C to 29°C) temperatures. The hatching rate was considered as total number of larvae recovered after 24h. The development period as well as larval and pupal survival rate were evaluated daily. Eclosion rate was signifi cantly higher under environmental temperature than under the studied constant temperatures, suggesting that temperature variation may be an eclosion-stimulating factor. The mean eclosion time increased with the temperature, ranging from 2.8h (25°C) to 5.2h (35°C). The larval period was greatly variable inside each group, although it did not differ signifi cantly amongst groups (11.0 ± 4.19 days), with individuals showing longer larval stages in water at 35°C (12.0 ± 4.95 days) and environmental temperature (13.6 ± 5.98 days). Oppositely, survival was...

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Aedes albopictus is a natural vector of Dirofilaria immitis in Italy

Cited by 156 publications

References 15 publications

Geographic distribution of canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection in stray dogs of eastern Romania

Geographic distribution of canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection in stray dogs of eastern Romania

A Review of the Invasive Mosquitoes in Europe: Ecology, Public Health Risks, and Control Options

Eclosion rate, development and survivorship of Aedes albopictus (Skuse)(Diptera: Culicidae) under different water temperatures

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