Aerobic Bacterial Conjunctival Flora in Diabetic Patients

Martins, Elisabeth Nogueira; Alvarenga, Lênio Souza; Hofling-Lima, Ana Luísa; Freitas, Denise de; Zorat-Yu, M. C.; Farah, Michel Eid; Mannis, Mark J.

doi:10.1097/00003226-200403000-00006

Cited by 66 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In one of the two small-sized studies published on the diabetics conjunctival bacteria, 28,29 an increased prevalence of S. aureus was only found in diabetics type II, although the number of patients studied by Bilen et al 28 was small (17 diabetics type I, 66 diabetics type II, and 50 control subjects). But only an increased prevalence of SCN was found in the other one, 29 which only studies the flora of diabetics with retinopathy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…But only an increased prevalence of SCN was found in the other one, 29 which only studies the flora of diabetics with retinopathy. This second study 29 used certain exclusion criteria for their patients, such as any sign of external ocular infection or inflammation, which we did not use. In addition, their patients were younger (mean age 67 years) than ours (mean age 73 years), which could condition their flora prevalence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The conjunctival bacterial pattern of diabetics undergoing cataract surgery

Fernández-Rubio

Rebolledo-Lara

Martínez‐García

et al. 2009

Eye

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The conjunctival bacterial pattern of diabetics undergoing cataract surgery

Fernández-Rubio

Rebolledo-Lara

Martínez‐García

et al. 2009

Eye

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“…Although diabetes was not a risk factor in our study, there are several reports that diabetes increases the conjunctival bacterial detection rate. 8,11,12 Therefore, care must be taken when performing surgery on patients with severe systemic disease. In addition, it is necessary to further study the risk factors of anaerobic bacteria, such as Propionibacterium acnes, which cause late-onset endophthalmitis.…”

Section: Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 There are also reports that atopic dermatitis and diabetes affected the bacterial conjunctival flora. 8,[10][11][12] Our study design was constructed in consideration of the following two points. First, we focused on the detection rate of each bacteria separately rather than that of total bacterial isolates because of variations in the pathogenicity, auxotrophy and transmission route in each type of bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for aerobic bacterial conjunctival flora in preoperative cataract patients

Hoshi

Hashida

Urabe

2016

Eye

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Purpose To investigate the relationship between the background of preoperative cataract patients and bacterial conjunctival flora. Methods A total of 990 cataract patients who had completed preoperative examinations in 2007 and 2008 were included. Patients using topical antibiotics at the preoperative examination or having a history of intraocular surgery were excluded. Conjunctival cultures had been preoperatively obtained. Patient characteristics were investigated via medical records. Risk factors for conjunctival flora of seven typical bacteria were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results The detection rate of alphahemolytic streptococci and Enterococcus faecalis increased with age (P = 0.044 and P = 0.002, respectively). The detection rate of Gram-negative bacilli was higher among patients with oral steroid use or lacrimal duct obstruction (P = 0.038 and P = 0.002, respectively). The detection rate of Corynebacterium species was higher among older patients and men, and lower among patients with glaucoma eye drop use (Po0.001, P = 0.012 and P = 0.001, respectively). The detection rate of methicillin-susceptible coagulase-negative Staphylococci was higher among men and lower among patients with a surgical history in other departments (P = 0.003 and P = 0.046, respectively). The detection rate of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci (MR-CNS) was higher among patients with oral steroid use, a visit history to ophthalmic facilities, or a surgical history in other departments (P = 0.002, P = 0.037 and Po0.001, respectively). Conclusions Elderly patients, men, patients with lacrimal duct obstruction or immunosuppressed patients are more likely to be colonized by pathogens that cause postoperative endophthalmitis. Moreover, MR-CNS colonization was associated with healthcare-associated infection.

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“…[27][28][29][30] However, very little is known about whether the clinical characteristics of this small number of patients with pathogenic bacteria colonising their conjunctivas are different. 16,[31][32][33] Today, the available data of the Human Microbiome Project reveals the possibility of determining differences between the microbiomes of healthy and unhealthy people. 34 This fact opens a new horizon in the management of infectious diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic conjunctival bacteria associated with systemic co-morbidities of patients undergoing cataract surgery

Cuesta-Rodríguez

et al. 2013

Eye

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Purpose To identify the risk of patients undergoing cataract surgery of having pathogenic conjunctival bacteria associated with their systemic co-morbidities. Methods Retrospective study of consecutive patients undergoing their first cataract operation from July 2005 to April 2010. Their preoperative conjunctival bacteria were cultured, identified, and classified in bacterial groups. Their co-morbidities were defined from their clinical data and the answers to systematic questions asked in the anaesthetic evaluation. The Microsoft Access databases of the two data sets were merged for carrying out the statistical analysis. Univariate association of each bacterial group with each co-morbidity was studied by using w 2 -test for categorical data and Student's t-test for continuous variables. Also, logistic regression models were used adjusting for age and sex. SPSS statistic programme, version 18 was used for all these analyses. Endophthalmitis cases in this surgical series were searched. Results In the 8333 selected patients, age was associated with increased conjunctival bacteria in all groups except for Streptococcus pneumoniae and Propionibacteriae. However, male sex was associated with these two groups and also with coagulase-negative Staphylococci, Corynebacterium xerosis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram-negative rods. After adjusting for age and sex, S. aureus was associated with diabetes, lung diseases, and renal and heart insufficiency; Gram-negative rods with smoking habit; Enterococci with diabetes; Streptococcus pneumoniae with kyphoscoliosis; and other Streptococci with diabetes and handicapped patients. Conclusion The more pathogenic conjunctival bacteria were more likely associated with patients' co-morbidities, such as diabetes, lung diseases, renal and heart insufficiency, kyphoscoliosis, and smoking habit, than the less pathogenic ones.

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Aerobic Bacterial Conjunctival Flora in Diabetic Patients

Abstract: Diabetic patients have a significantly higher number of positive conjunctival cultures. The presence of diabetic retinopathy was correlated with an increase in positive cultures and a higher proportion of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus.

Cited by 66 publications

References 27 publications

The conjunctival bacterial pattern of diabetics undergoing cataract surgery

The conjunctival bacterial pattern of diabetics undergoing cataract surgery

Risk factors for aerobic bacterial conjunctival flora in preoperative cataract patients

Pathogenic conjunctival bacteria associated with systemic co-morbidities of patients undergoing cataract surgery

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