Aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition synthesis of multi-wall carbon nanotubes: II. An analytical study

Meysami, Seyyed Shayan; Koós, Antal A.; Dillon, Frank; Grobert, Nicole

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2013.02.041

Cited by 40 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…However, the products of the cracking of the nitrogencontaining precursor molecules are usually unknown. 28 It could be atoms, dimers, or stable fragments such as, for example, phenyl. The second step in the growth process includes the diffusion of the cracking products through the bulk of a catalyst, in the subsurface layers, or on the surface of the catalyst particle followed by the extrusion of carbon to form a nanotube.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling pyridinic, pyrrolic, graphitic, and molecular nitrogen in multi-wall carbon nanotubes using precursors with different N/C ratios in aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition

Bulusheva

Окотруб

Fedoseeva

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Nitrogen-containing multi-wall carbon nanotubes (N-MWCNTs) were synthesized using aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques in conjunction with benzylamine:ferrocene or acetonitrile: ferrocene mixtures. Different amounts of toluene were added to these mixtures in order to change the N/C ratio of the feedstock. X-ray photoelectron and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy detected pyridinic, pyrrolic, graphitic, and molecular nitrogen forms in the N-MWCNT samples. Analysis of the spectral data indicated that whilst the nature of the nitrogen-containing precursor has little effect on the concentrations of the different forms of nitrogen in N-MWCNTs, the N/C ratio in the feedstock appeared to be the determining factor. When the N/C ratio was lower than ca. 0.01, all four forms existed in equal concentrations, for N/C ratios above 0.01, graphitic and molecular nitrogen were dominant. Furthermore, higher concentrations of pyridinic nitrogen in the outer shells and N 2 molecules in the core of the as-produced N-MWCNTs suggest that the precursors were decomposed into individual atoms, which interacted with the catalyst surface to form CN and NH species or in fact diffused through the bulk of the catalyst particles. These findings are important for a better understanding of possible growth mechanisms for heteroatom-containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and therefore paving the way for controlling the spatial distribution of foreign elements in the CNTs using CVD processes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling pyridinic, pyrrolic, graphitic, and molecular nitrogen in multi-wall carbon nanotubes using precursors with different N/C ratios in aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition

Bulusheva

Окотруб

Fedoseeva

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…Production of CNTs from AACVD is considered to be the most suitable method for large-scale production. [15][16][17] A supercapacitor is an energy storage device which stores charge through simple electrostatic attraction between the ions in the electrolyte and the charges at the electrode surface. [18] Supercapacitors bridge the gap between conventional dielectric capacitors and electrochemical batteries, in terms of energy and power densities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[15,17,[19][20][21] In this paper, we study the growth of CNTs using ethanol rather than toluene as the carbon source. While there have been many reports of synthesis of CNTs using AACVD, surprisingly there are only few reports of their application in real devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol‐Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition of Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Steel Substrates for Application in Supercapacitors

Sagu

Wijayantha

Bohm³

et al. 2015

Adv Eng Mater

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are grown on to steel substrates by aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition using ferrocene in ethanol as the carbon feedstock. The CNTs adopted a highly entangled morphology. Elemental analysis indicates that the main source of carbon for CNT growth is from the cyclopentadiene rings in ferrocene rather than the ethanol solvent. The CNT-coated steel substrates are evaluated for their performance as supercapacitor electrodes. The electrodes exhibit a high geometric capacitance of 3.4 mF cm À2 which is due to the high internal surface area, but a relatively low specific capacitance of 0.34 F g À1 .

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“…For more than a decade films of aligned multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) filled with ferromagnetic α-Fe and Fe 3 C have been an important subject of research owing to their attractive magnetic properties [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] . These structures can indeed exhibit extremely large coercivities of 0.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high coercivities of these structures have been reported to depend strongly on crystal anisotropy, shape anisotropy, degree of alignment of the MWCNTs and exchange coupling or bias interactions 6,15,16 . The synthesis of these films is generally performed by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of an organometallic precursor known as ferrocene on the top of thermally oxidized Si/SiO 2 substrates [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] .Commonly used fabrication methods are solid-source CVD (SSCVD) and liquidsource CVD (LSCVD) 19 . The decomposed metallocenevapour has been reported to contain Fe, H 2 , CH 4 , C 5 H 6 and other hydrocarbon species 19 that react on the substrate surface to form the metal particles from which the MWCNTs and single crystal filling will grow simultaneously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peeling off effects in vertically aligned Fe3C filled carbon nanotubes films grown by pyrolysis of ferrocene

Boi

Medranda

Sameera

et al. 2017

Journal of Applied Physics

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We report the observation of an unusual self-peeling effect which allows the synthesis of free standing vertically aligned carbon nanotube films filled with large quantities of Fe3C and small quantities of γ-Fe crystals. We demonstrate that this effect depends on the interplay of three main factors: (1) the physical interactions between the chosen substrate surface and grown carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which is fixed by the composition of the used substrate (111 SiO2/Si or quartz), (2) the CNT-CNT Van der Waals interactions, and (3) the differential thermal contraction between the grown CNT film and the used substrate, which is fixed by the cooling rate differences between the grown film and the used quartz or Si/SiO2 substrates. The width and stability of these films are then further increased to cm-scale by addition of small quantities of toluene to the ferrocene precursor.

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Aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition synthesis of multi-wall carbon nanotubes: II. An analytical study

Cited by 40 publications

References 43 publications

Controlling pyridinic, pyrrolic, graphitic, and molecular nitrogen in multi-wall carbon nanotubes using precursors with different N/C ratios in aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition

Controlling pyridinic, pyrrolic, graphitic, and molecular nitrogen in multi-wall carbon nanotubes using precursors with different N/C ratios in aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition

Aerosol‐Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition of Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Steel Substrates for Application in Supercapacitors

Peeling off effects in vertically aligned Fe3C filled carbon nanotubes films grown by pyrolysis of ferrocene

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