Aesthetic and functional reduction of the labia minora using the Maas and Hage technique

Vulvoplasty in New South Wales, 2001–2013: a population‐based record linkage study

“…Some studies also reported asymmetry in labia length as a reason for seeking surgery. (5) Most surgery was bilateral; however, some unilateral surgery was also reported for a small proportion of patients (3-15%). (15,17) Labioplasty was generally performed on its own; in some studies it was performed in conjunction with other types of surgery including hysterectomy, perineoplasty, clitoral hood reduction or vaginal tightening.…”

“…Nine studies, including 1090 patients in total, reported the proportion of patients seeking surgery for psychological factors/distress, this ranged from 11% to 100%. (5,6,11,12,31,32,57,59,61) Psychological factors as a reason for seeking surgery, appeared to be related to a 'feeling of being abnormal' and the desire to 'be more normal'.…”

“…(28,31) Another two studies reported on the mean resection length. (5,57) Another study investigating women's motivation for undertaking labioplasty reported that, in the clinic where the study was undertaken, labia reduction surgery is only offered to women (over 18 years) with either or both of the following: labial width >50 mm or labial asymmetry with > 30 mm difference. (70) Across the studies, complaints of discomfort or pain with intercourse, clothing or exercise and repeated infection were reported with labia length < 3 cm (7) and < 4 cm (56) , indicating high variation of women's experiences in relation to symptoms and labial hypertrophy.…”

“…Trichot et al 2010 (12) Labioplasty with pedicle flap reconstruction 18 3 patients had partial splitting of scar in post-operative period with 1 patient requiring further surgery with favourable outcome. Solanki et al 2010 (5) W-shaped resection 12 (68) A total of 750 surgeons responded to the survey (19.7% response rate) with 51% of those reporting they currently offered labioplasty. The two most common reasons for surgeons to re-operate were inadequate resection and wound dehiscence.…”

Labiaplasty and pornography: a preliminary investigation

“…Aesthetic labiaplasty is a cosmetic surgical procedure in which 'hypertrophic' (or large) labia minora are excised. Before-and-after images from the clinical literature show that the surgical norm is for the labia minora to be rendered invisible or largely hidden beneath the lips of the labia majora (Pardo et al 2006;de Alencar Felicio 2007;Lynch, Marulaiah, and Samarakkody 2008;Solanki et al 2010).…”