Affectively salient signal to random noise might be used to identify psychosis vulnerability in severe mental disorders

Catalán, Ana; Artaza, Maider Gonzalez de; Fernández-Rivas, Arantza; Angosto, Virxinia; Aguirregomoscorta, Fernando; Bustamante, Sonia; Díaz, Aida; Zamalloa, Iker; Olazabal, Nora; Bilbao, Amaia; Maruottolo, Claudio; González‐Torres, Miguel Ángel

doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.12.008

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…22 White Noise Task. The WNT was used to assess the incidence of SIs heard in white noise 9,11,27,28 (figure 1). Participants, wearing earphones, sat in a room with a trained experimenter and were presented with either: (1) white noise only, (2) white noise plus clearly audible neutral speech, and (3) white noise plus barely audible neutral speech.…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SI scores were skewed, as expected, because participants expressed a low rate of false alarms. To address this, following previous work, 9,27,28 performance was parameterized as 3 dichotomous variables according to responses during the white noise-only condition: Each participant was rated as 1 or 0 depending on whether they heard at least 2 SIs that they perceived as (1) neutral, (2) positive or negative, or (3) unsure whether they were neutral, positive, or negative. We included a threshold of at least 2 SIs per condition, to exclude possible erroneous attributions of SIs.…”

Section: Groups For Analysis Comparisons Were Made Between the Entire...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All models used a significance threshold of P < .05. All regression models were adjusted for site, age, sex, cannabis and tobacco use, IQ (shortened WAIS), and years in education, based on the previous work 9,28 and on which variables showed group differences between HC and CHR participants (table 1).…”

Section: Association With Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

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Speech Illusions in People at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis Linked to Clinical Outcome

Hird

Ohmuro

Allen

et al. 2022

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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Background and hypothesis Around 20% of people at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis later develop a psychotic disorder, but it is difficult to predict who this will be. We assessed the incidence of hearing speech (termed speech illusions [SIs]) in noise in CHR participants and examined whether this was associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Study design At baseline, 344 CHR participants and 67 healthy controls were presented with a computerized white noise task and asked whether they heard speech, and whether speech was neutral, affective, or whether they were uncertain about its valence. After 2 years, we assessed whether participants transitioned to psychosis, or remitted from the CHR state, and their functioning. Study results CHR participants had a lower sensitivity to the task. Logistic regression revealed that a bias towards hearing targets in stimuli was associated with remission status (OR = 0.21, P = 042). Conversely, hearing SIs with uncertain valence at baseline was associated with reduced likelihood of remission (OR = 7.72. P = .007). When we assessed only participants who did not take antipsychotic medication at baseline, the association between hearing SIs with uncertain valence at baseline and remission likelihood remained (OR = 7.61, P = .043) and this variable was additionally associated with a greater likelihood of transition to psychosis (OR = 5.34, P = .029). Conclusions In CHR individuals, a tendency to hear speech in noise, and uncertainty about the affective valence of this speech, is associated with adverse outcomes. This task could be used in a battery of cognitive markers to stratify CHR participants according to subsequent outcomes.

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Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Groups For Analysis Comparisons Were Made Between the Entire...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Speech Illusions in People at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis Linked to Clinical Outcome

Hird

Ohmuro

Allen

et al. 2022

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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“…El ruido blanco se ha convertido recientemente en un paradigma experimental para propiciar y evaluar ilusiones del habla que pudieran suponer una indicación de vulnerabilidad a la psicosis (Catalan et al, 2018;Galdós et al, 2011;Schepers et al, 2019). La tarea experimental consiste en presentar a través de auriculares un sonido monótono grabado a fin de ver si los sujetos reconocen patrones verbales o ilusiones del habla.…”

Section: El "Sumador Verbal" Ruido Blanco Para La Psiquiatríaunclassified

¿qué Nos Importa Skinner, Treinta Años Después?

Álvarez¹

2020

Pap. Psicol.

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The thirtieth anniversary of Skinner's death is taken as an occasion to visualize his presence in psychology today and remember some of his greatest contributions. In general, it can be said that Skinner is conspicuous by his absence, as there are many Skinnerian themes that barely mention him, and yet his presence is missed as his contributions would solve a number of important problems of psychology as a science. Skinnerian themes with hardly anything about Skinner are addictions to games and machines, the newly rediscovered auditory projective test (white noise), behavioral economics, and the new unconscious based on environmental control. Skinner's fundamental contributions such as behavioral shaping, operant behavior as a functional unit, and selection by consequences remain peremptory for current psychology in its dualistic, neurocentric, and essentialist drift. The irony is that these contributions, revolutionary in their day, are taken for granted today, and their theoretical and philosophical scope are not perceived. We suggest some aspects of their importance beyond the practical application already incorporated.

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“…Similarly, in the case–sibling–healthy participant study by Galdos and colleagues, stronger associations were apparent with affective speech illusions (15). It has been suggested that affective salience might characterize speech illusions in individuals at risk for clinical outcomes (20, 21) and may be mediated in part by cognitive alterations (22), although another study did not find evidence for this (15). Therefore, further research is required to evaluate differences in psychopathology, cognition, and affective valence of speech illusions in patients, siblings, and healthy participants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White Noise Speech Illusions: A Trait-Dependent Risk Marker for Psychotic Disorder?

Schepers¹,

Lousberg²,

Gülöksüz³

et al. 2019

Front. Psychiatry

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Introduction: White noise speech illusions index liability for psychotic disorder in case–control comparisons. In the current study, we examined i) the rate of white noise speech illusions in siblings of patients with psychotic disorder and ii) to what degree this rate would be contingent on exposure to known environmental risk factors (childhood adversity and recent life events) and level of known endophenotypic dimensions of psychotic disorder [psychotic experiences assessed with the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) scale and cognitive ability]. Methods: The white noise task was used as an experimental paradigm to elicit and measure speech illusions in 1,014 patients with psychotic disorders, 1,157 siblings, and 1,507 healthy participants. We examined associations between speech illusions and increasing familial risk (control -> sibling -> patient), modeled as both a linear and a categorical effect, and associations between speech illusions and level of childhood adversities and life events as well as with CAPE scores and cognitive ability scores.Results: While a positive association was found between white noise speech illusions across hypothesized increasing levels of familial risk (controls -> siblings -> patients) [odds ratio (OR) linear 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.21, p = 0.019], there was no evidence for a categorical association with sibling status (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.79–1.09, p = 0.360). The association between speech illusions and linear familial risk was greater if scores on the CAPE positive scale were higher (p interaction = 0.003; ORlow CAPE positive scale 0.96, 95% CI 0.85–1.07; ORhigh CAPE positive scale 1.26, 95% CI 1.09–1.46); cognitive ability was lower (p interaction < 0.001; ORhigh cognitive ability 0.94, 95% CI 0.84–1.05; ORlow cognitive ability 1.43, 95% CI 1.23–1.68); and exposure to childhood adversity was higher (p interaction < 0.001; ORlow adversity 0.92, 95% CI 0.82–1.04; ORhigh adversity 1.31, 95% CI 1.13–1.52). A similar, although less marked, pattern was seen for categorical patient–control and sibling–control comparisons. Exposure to recent life events did not modify the association between white noise and familial risk (p interaction = 0.232). Conclusion: The association between white noise speech illusions and familial risk is contingent on additional evidence of endophenotypic expression and of exposure to childhood adversity. Therefore, speech illusions may represent a trait-dependent risk marker.

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Affectively salient signal to random noise might be used to identify psychosis vulnerability in severe mental disorders

Abstract: Experimental paradigms indexing the tendency to detect affectively salient signals in noise may be used to identify liability to psychosis in people with vulnerability. Its predictable value in other diagnostic categories and general population requires further research.

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Speech Illusions in People at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis Linked to Clinical Outcome

Speech Illusions in People at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis Linked to Clinical Outcome

¿qué Nos Importa Skinner, Treinta Años Después?

White Noise Speech Illusions: A Trait-Dependent Risk Marker for Psychotic Disorder?

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