Affordable Housing in Turkey: User Satisfaction in Tokİ Houses

Abstract

Affordable housing policies in Turkey have reached a new stage over the last decade in the context of the TOKİ model advocated by the government. Housing developed by TOKİ (the Public Housing Administration), the top official agency responsible for affordable housing policies in Turkey, has become so widespread in all cities of Turkey that it involves not only the construction sector but also trade associations and the public in general. In this article, following a general discussion of the demand and supply of housing in Turkey, we evaluate user satisfaction and the quality of TOKİ implementations since 2000 for low- and middle-income groups in Bursa, the fourth largest city in Turkey. Bursa sets an interesting example for the study because of the city's long-term prominence in commerce and its current status as an important industrial city. Massive migrations and unplanned urbanization have resulted in a need for housing for every income group in Bursa, especially for low- and middle-income groups. The emphasis in this study is that, in addition to quantity, quality should be considered in housing production. Furthermore, the implementation of TOKİ should be aimed at developing more habitable and higher-quality environments by considering all socio-cultural and physical factors. It is expected that these evaluations will lead to the development of a more comprehensive affordable housing policy in Turkey..

Demographics, dwelling type and residents’ satisfaction at Zabdah affordable housing project, Jordan

“…The assessment method of residential satisfaction is conducted on multilevel; community level (Smrke et al , 2018), neighborhood level (Andersen, 2008; Türkoğlu et al , 2019; Zainul Abidin et al , 2019; Smrke et al , 2018; Djebarni and Al-Abed, 2000; Fakere and Henshaw, 2020) and dwelling unit level (Andersen, 2008; Kaur and Gupta, 2019; Gür and Dostoğlu, 2011; Zainul Abidin et al , 2019; Smrke et al , 2018; Nguyen et al , 2019). A neighborhood is where the dwelling exists (Fakere and Henshaw, 2020).…”

“…A neighborhood is where the dwelling exists (Fakere and Henshaw, 2020). The provision of neighborhood facilities affects the quality of residents' life (Iyanda and Mohit, 2016;Gür and Dosto glu, 2011). Also, it enhances their satisfaction (Türko glu et al, 2019).…”

“…Affordability is the ratio of house cost to household income (Gür and Dosto glu, 2011), i.e. the ability to buy and own an adequate house.…”

Neighborhood location and its association with place attachment and residential satisfaction

“…Moreover, the analysis of these constructs in Turkey's mass housing projects (TOKI) that have become the prevalent type of housing could be another direction for further research. These projects are created by governmental urban transformation policies and offer low-cost and low-quality housing with their mass-produced architectural style and characteristics but have been criticized for their architectural quality (Gür and Dosto glu, 2011;Is ıkkaya, 2016). Thus, it could be interesting to analyze the level of place attachment and residential satisfaction in these housing projects, especially in suburban neighborhoods of Ankara.…”

Exploring the Perspectives of Stakeholders on Affordable Public Housing Delivery and Accessibility in Ghana

“…The universal acknowledgment of housing as a fundamental human right underscores the imperative that everyone should have access to a home that meets their needs (Gür and Dostoğlu, 2011). This implies that housing must not only be of adequate quality and welllocated but also reasonably priced to ensure residents can fulfill other essential needs (UN, Azevedo et al, 2010).…”