Aflatoxin B₁contamination in groundnut samples collected from different geographical regions of India: A multicentre study

Abstract

Under a multicentre study conducted by the Indian Council of Medical Research, 2062 samples of groundnut were collected from rural and urban areas of 11 states representing different geographical regions of the country. These samples were analysed for aflatoxin B1 using the AOAC method. Analytical quality assurance between various participating laboratories was ensured through analysis of check-samples. Twenty-one per cent of groundnut samples collected from 11 states exceeded the permissible Indian regulatory limit of 30 micrograms/kg. No statistically significant difference in percentage of samples contaminated (> 30 micrograms/kg) were observed between pooled rural (22.9%) and urban (19.9%) data. Amongst the 11 states, the minimum and maximum per cent contamination respectively (> 30 micrograms/kg) was observed to be 15.2 in the state of Andhra Pradesh and 28.3 in the state of Haryana. The maximum level of contamination of 833 micrograms/kg was observed in the state of Gujarat. The median level of < 5 micrograms/kg was observed in the states of Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. In all other states studied, the median level was found to vary between 10 and 20 micrograms/kg. The 90th percentile values were high in Andhra Pradesh (125 micrograms/kg), Gujarat (111 micrograms/kg) and Haryana (110 micrograms/kg). In the remaining states the 90th percentile value ranged from 60 to 93 micrograms/kg. Analysis of pooled data showed the percentages of samples exceeding the level of contamination of 5 micrograms/kg and 15 micrograms/kg, respectively were 44.9% and 37.4% which therefore, showed a marked increase when compared with the per cent of samples exceeding 30 micrograms/kg in the overall data.

Factors influencing the adoption of aflatoxin management practices in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

“…Various surveys conducted in different parts of India (Rati and Shanta 1994;Sharma et al 1994;Bhat et al 1996;Prashad et al 1997;Sinha et al 1999) have revealed groundnuts and groundnut products to be high-risk commodities for aflatoxin contamination.…”

Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma from India: Role of Viral Genotype and Mutations in CTNNB1 (Beta-Catenin) and TP53 Genes

“…The mutation at codon 249 is very low or absent in parts of the world where exposure to dietary aflatoxin is low [28,29]. Dietary aflatoxin B1 levels vary greatly among Indian states [30,31]. Murugavel et al [32] detected aflatoxin B 1 in the liver biopsies of more than 50% of the HCCs cases in their study.…”

Engineering an Improved Coconut Processing System in the Philippines at the Farm-Level

“…The government is aiming at reducing aflatoxin and PAH levels in copra and in crude coconut oil. However any scheme must provide a real financial incentive to cover the increased processing costs necessary for the production of dry, mould-free copra [7]. To reduce the potential incidence of aflatoxin B 1 contamination to 5% of samples it will be necessary to dry to average marker levels of 4.6, 8.8 and 5.3% for kukum, tapahan and sun-dried copra respectively [8].…”