Aflatoxin M1 in pasteurized, ESL and UHT milk products from central China during summer and winter seasons: Prevalence and risk assessment of exposure in different age groups

Xiong, Junfeng; Zhang, Xiaofang; Zhou, Hualin; Lei, Meng-Qi; Liu, Yulan; Yuan, Chun; Wenxuan, WU; Wang, Chong; Wu, Lingying; Qiu, Yinsheng

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107908

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…AT was equal to 10,950 and 2190 days for adults and children, respectively. The RfD was also 0.2 ng/kg per day (Xiong et al, 2021).…”

Section: Sampling and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…There was a significant difference between the type of feed, type of dairy herds, and holding capacity of the dairy herds (Kehinde et al, 2021). Xiong et al (2021) showed the health risk for child group 2-4 years old that consume contaminated milk with AFM1. About 5.3% of the samples were above the 50 ng/L limits, and the AFM1 level in UHT milk was lower than pasteurized milk.…”

Section: Aflatoxin M1 In Traditional Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to the present study, AFM1 concentrations were higher in winter. Children aged 2-4 years had the highest risk of exposure to AFM1 in milk, which is due to the type of storage and observance of hygienic conditions, especially in winter is necessary (Xiong et al, 2021). AFM1 exposure through yogurt consumption and the risk of liver cancer were studied in Hamedan, Iran.…”

Section: Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aflatoxin M1 in traditional and industrial pasteurized milk samples from Tiran County, Isfahan Province

et al. 2021

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In this study, the aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) concentration in traditional and industrial milk and risk assessment due to AFM1 exposure using the Monte Carlo simulations technique was investigated. The mean concentration of AFM1 in traditional and industrial milk samples was 53.00 ± 11.49 and 54.33 ± 12.22 ng/L, respectively, which was higher than European Union and Codex standards. Percentile 95% of hazard quotient (HQ) adults and children due to industrial ingestion milk was 1.056 and 4.956, and traditional milk was 1.031 and 5.116, respectively. Hazard quotient in all age consumers was higher than 1. Therefore, consumers are at a considerable health risk.

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“…AT was equal to 10,950 and 2190 days for adults and children, respectively. The RfD was also 0.2 ng/kg per day (Xiong et al, 2021).…”

Section: Sampling and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Aflatoxin M1 In Traditional Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aflatoxin M1 in traditional and industrial pasteurized milk samples from Tiran County, Isfahan Province

et al. 2021

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“…While acute exposure to a high dose of AFM 1 can result in vomiting, abdominal pain and even death, chronic exposure to low doses of AFM 1 may lead to liver cancer [ 7 , 8 ], posing a significant human health hazard [ 9 , 10 ]. In particular, children aged 2–4 years old had the highest risk of exposure to AFM 1 in milk [ 11 ]. Therefore, AFM 1 in milk need to be monitored and AFB 1 in dairy feed should be limited at the lowest possible levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these legal regulations have not eradicated milk AFM 1 successfully [ 3 , 18 , 19 ]. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of milk AFM 1 in previous studies was reported to exceed the tolerable daily intake (TDI) limit of 0.20 ng/kg bw/day in several countries [ 11 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorbents Reduce Aflatoxin M1 Residue in Milk of Healthy Dairy Cow Exposed to Moderate Level Aflatoxin B1 in Diet and Its Exposure Risk for Humans

Cha

Wang

Hao

et al. 2021

Toxins

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This study investigated the effect of moderate risk level (8 µg/kg) AFB1 in diet supplemented with or without adsorbents on lactation performance, serum parameters, milk AFM1 content of healthy lactating cows and the AFM1 residue exposure risk in different human age groups. Forty late healthy lactating Holstein cows (270 ± 22 d in milk; daily milk yield 21 ± 3.1 kg/d) were randomly assigned to four treatments: control diet without AFB1 and adsorbents (CON), CON with 8 μg/kg AFB1 (dry matter basis, AF), AF + 15 g/d adsorbent 1 (AD1), AF + 15 g/d adsorbent 2 (AD2). The experiment lasted for 19 days, including an AFB1-challenge phase (day 1 to 14) and an AFB1-withdraw phase (day 15 to 19). Results showed that both AFB1 and adsorbents treatments had no significant effects on the DMI, milk yield, 3.5% FCM yield, milk components and serum parameters. Compared with the AF, AD1 and AD2 had significantly lower milk AFM1 concentrations (93 ng/L vs. 46 ng/L vs. 51 ng/L) and transfer rates of dietary AFB1 into milk AFM1 (1.16% vs. 0.57% vs. 0.63%) (p < 0.05). Children aged 2–4 years old had the highest exposure risk to AFM1 in milk in AF, with an EDI of 1.02 ng/kg bw/day and a HI of 5.11 (HI > 1 indicates a potential risk for liver cancer). Both AD1 and AD2 had obviously reductions in EDI and HI for all population groups, whereas, the EDI (≥0.25 ng/kg bw/day) and HI (≥1.23) of children aged 2–11 years old were still higher than the suggested tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.20 ng/kg bw/day and 1.00 (HI). In conclusion, moderate risk level AFB1 in the diet of healthy lactating cows could cause a public health hazard and adding adsorbents in the dairy diet is an effective measure to remit AFM1 residue in milk and its exposure risk for humans.

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Safety and quality evaluations of liquid milk and infant formula products in China in 2022

Meng

Zheng

Gao

et al. 2023

Animal Research and One Health

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Milk serves two nutritional functions: it provides nutrition while also maintaining a healthy intestinal microenvironment. Thus, the safety and quality of milk products are critical for consumers' health. To evaluate liquid milk and infant formula products in China, we analyzed nine indices of 294 batches of pasteurized milk (PM), 92 batches of ultra‐high temperature milk (UHT), and 20 batches of infant formula milk powder (IF) collected from 21 provinces in 2022. All PM, UHT, and IF samples were satisfactory concerning aflatoxin M1 contamination, contamination by heavy metals, and residues of veterinary drugs and pesticides. The contents of lactoferrin, α‐lactalbumin, β‐lactoglobulin, furosine, and lactulose in the majority of samples met the group standards. Moreover, the contents of lactoferrin, α‐lactalbumin, and β‐lactoglobulin were higher in PM than in UHT, while furosine and lactulose contents showed the opposite trend. The findings concerning the safety and quality of milk products in China provide important insights to aid consumer preferences for milk products.

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Aflatoxin M1 in pasteurized, ESL and UHT milk products from central China during summer and winter seasons: Prevalence and risk assessment of exposure in different age groups

Cited by 19 publications

References 28 publications

Aflatoxin M1 in traditional and industrial pasteurized milk samples from Tiran County, Isfahan Province

Aflatoxin M1 in traditional and industrial pasteurized milk samples from Tiran County, Isfahan Province

Adsorbents Reduce Aflatoxin M1 Residue in Milk of Healthy Dairy Cow Exposed to Moderate Level Aflatoxin B1 in Diet and Its Exposure Risk for Humans

Safety and quality evaluations of liquid milk and infant formula products in China in 2022

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