Aflatoxins B1 and M1: risks related to milk produced in Brazil

Freitas, Cristina Hallal de; Gonçalves, Carolina Lambrecht; Nascente, Patrícia da Silva

doi:10.1007/s13213-018-1395-2

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Te AFB1 in the fodder of cows, sheep, and goats is absorbed from the gastrointestinal canal and transferred to the liver via the portal vein, and then, it is converted into AFM1 with the catalysis of p450 enzymes. In instances where animals are exposed to more AFB1 than they can metabolize, both toxins may appear in their milk [30]. In one study, AFB1 levels were found to be 0.7-1.5 ppb in 42% of pasteurized milk samples and 13% of UHT milks [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Aflatoxin B1 Contents in Peanut Protein Snack Bars

Ağagündüz

Şahin

Yaşar

et al. 2023

Journal of Food Biochemistry

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Peanuts, which are rich in nutrients, are used in many products and are often a primary ingredient of protein bars. However, when the necessary production and storage conditions are not met, mycotoxins, and particularly aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), which is the most toxic and most common mycotoxin, may pose a great risk. This study was undertaken to indirectly examine the appropriateness of storage conditions for peanut protein bars sold at different supply points and to identify the presence of AFB1 in compliance with the relevant legal limitations. In February and March 2022, different varieties of peanut protein bars without added sugars were obtained from local markets and nonmarket store chains (places where sports products, cosmetic products, and protein bars are sold) in Ankara, Turkey. AFB1 contents were analysed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The limit imposed by the Turkish Food Codex regulation on contaminants is 5 ppb. While 38.3% of the samples were under that limit, 61.7% were above. No significant difference was found for the place of sale ( p = 0.542 and χ2 = 2.150), selling conditions ( p = 0.497 ), product ingredients, or remaining shelf-life ( p = 0.804 ) regarding the level of AFB1 in the samples. However, it was determined that samples with peanut percentages lower than 17.0% had higher amounts of AFB1 ( p < 0.001 ), and other available ingredients might affect the AFB1 content of peanut bars. It was concluded that most samples (n = 37.0, p < 0.001 , t = −8.607) posed a risk in terms of AFB1. Considering the shelf-life of such products and that peanuts can produce AFB1 during their shelf-life, it would be beneficial to monitor the frequency of supervision and prevent the sale of peanut bars with AFB1 contents higher than the limits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Aflatoxin B1 Contents in Peanut Protein Snack Bars

Ağagündüz

Şahin

Yaşar

et al. 2023

Journal of Food Biochemistry

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“…As recommendation, we suggest a systematic control program for safe livestock feed to be introduced by public health authorities (de Freitas et al, 2018). By monitoring the analysis of the samples, it will be possible to express the level of contamination of AFL present in milk and its derivatives from samples collected according to the region, milk producer, before and after treatment with UV LED light in bovine milk to the reduction of AFM1 without altering its properties such as acidity and protein content.…”

Section: Acidity%mentioning

confidence: 99%

UV LED Light Efficiency in Aflatoxin M1 Reduction in Bovine Milk

Kluczkovski

Goes²,

Santos³

et al. 2023

JAS

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Bovine milk is a food consumed by people of different age groups and especially by children, as it provides essential nutrients to the diet. In Brazil, milk is one of the most important products of Brazilian agriculture, being essential in the generation of employment and income. However, when there is contamination by toxic agents, such as aflatoxin (AFL) which is carcinogenic to humans and animals, there is a risk to the health of the consumer. Therefore, the objective of this work was to analyze the efficiency of the application of UV LED light as a tool to reduce aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in bovine milk produced in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. Concerning time in 3-, 6- and 9-minutes, the reduction rates of 75.5, 97.3, and 94.1% were observed, respectively. The use of UV LED light was effective in reducing the concentration of AFL studied to be evaluated on a production scale.

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“…Milk is an important source of macro and micronutrients and is one of the six most important products in Brazilian agriculture, playing an important role in food, source of income and job creation, with the state of Amazonas-Brazil acquiring 9536 liters in the year 2020 and produced 43,768 thousand liters in 2021 (IBGE, 2022;IBGE, 2020;Gonç alves et al, 2018). Studies evaluating the occurrence of AFM1 in bovine milk in its various forms (whole, skimmed, semi-skimmed, liquid and powder) have been carried out in several countries such as Malaysia and China (Li et al, 2017;Shuib et al, 2017) and also in Brazil, especially in the southern region (de Freitas et al, 2018). Based on the cited studies, the need to assess the occurrence of AFM1 in milk is a global need (Min et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 and Risk Assessment in Bovine Milk from the Amazon Region

Diogenes¹,

Kluczkovski²,

Goes³

et al. 2023

JFR

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Aflatoxins (AFL) are fungal metabolites that can contaminate animal feed, causing toxic effects after consumption. Among the AFL, there are reports of the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk, so the objective of this work was to evaluate the AFM1 content in bovine milk samples produced in the State of Amazonas-Brazil. Of the analyzed samples (n=30), 20% were found to be contaminated with AFM1 in the range of 0.093-0.320 μg/kg (Limit of detection= 0.0625 μg/mL). No sample exceeded current Brazilian legislation, but all exceeded the maximum European regulatory limit of 0.05 μg/kg. Risk analysis estimated a daily intake of 5.357 x 10-7 mg/kg body weight/day for men and 6.257 x 10-7 mg/kg body weight/day for women. The MOE result did not indicate concern in public health aspects. On the other hand, the occurrence of AFM1 in the state of Amazonas was observed in an unprecedented way and need further investigation including other dairy products.

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Aflatoxins B1 and M1: risks related to milk produced in Brazil

Cited by 8 publications

References 60 publications

Determination of Aflatoxin B1 Contents in Peanut Protein Snack Bars

Determination of Aflatoxin B1 Contents in Peanut Protein Snack Bars

UV LED Light Efficiency in Aflatoxin M1 Reduction in Bovine Milk

Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 and Risk Assessment in Bovine Milk from the Amazon Region

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