Aflatoxins: Contamination, Analysis and Control

Dors, Giniani Carla; Caldas, Sergiane Souza; Feddern, Vivian; Bemvenuti, Renata Heidtmann; Hackbart, Helen Cristina dos Santos; Souza, Michele Moraes de; Oliveira, Melissa dos Santos; Garda‐Buffon, Jaqueline; Prímel, Ednei Gilberto; Badiale‐Furlong, Eliana

doi:10.5772/24902

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…The aflatoxins M1 and M2 are the major metabolites of aflatoxins B1 and B2, repectively, produced in the metabolism of mammals and therefore several studies have been conducted to demonstrate the contamination of milk and dairy products by these compounds 10,11 . The aflatoxins M1 and M2 may also be produced by fungi cultures in minor amounts 12,13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of aflatoxins M1, M2, B1, B2, G1 and G2 in peanut by modified QuEChERS method and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

et al. 2014

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A suitable method for routine analysis of aflatoxins M1, M2, B1, B2, G1, G2 in peanut by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated. the sample preparation was performed using a triple partitioning (water/acetonitrile/hexane) modified Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) method. For the first time, this method is reportedly used for aflatoxins analysis in peanut. Satisfactory recoveries ranged from 71 to 101%, with relative standard deviation lower than 15% were obtained for the target aflatoxins. The determination coefficients were ≥ 0.99 which showed good linearity. The LOD and LOQ varied from 0.03 to 0.26 ng g -1 and 0.1 to 0.88 ng g -1 , respectively. the validated method was successfully applied to for the determination of aflatoxins in ten peanut samples. Total aflatoxin concentration exceeded the maximum level permitted by the Brazilian regulation in one sample of roasted peanut, while aflatoxins M1 and M2 were detected respectively in three and in one of the samples. the results strongly suggest that peanuts and peanut products should be continuously monitored for the aflatoxins investigated in this work.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of aflatoxins M1, M2, B1, B2, G1 and G2 in peanut by modified QuEChERS method and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

et al. 2014

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“…However, this bio-transformed fraction is excreted together with milk, in the form of AFM 1 and AFM 2 (from AFB 1 and AFB 2 , respectively). It has been estimated that the ratio of ingested AFB 1 to excreted AFM 1 (in milk) is around 1-3% [29]. Residues of AFs and their metabolites can also be present in other foods of animal origin, such as meat and eggs [28,30].…”

Section: Toxicity and Legislationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Developments of Analytical Methodologies for Aflatoxins’ Determination in Food during the Last Decade (2013–2022), with a Particular Focus on Nuts and Nut Products

Schincaglia

Aspromonte

Franchina

et al. 2023

Foods

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This review aims to provide a clear overview of the most important analytical development in aflatoxins analysis during the last decade (2013–2022) with a particular focus on nuts and nuts-related products. Aflatoxins (AFs), a group of mycotoxins produced mainly by certain strains of the genus Aspergillus fungi, are known to impose a serious threat to human health. Indeed, AFs are considered carcinogenic to humans, group 1, by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Since these toxins can be found in different food commodities, food control organizations worldwide impose maximum levels of AFs for commodities affected by this threat. Thus, they represent a cumbersome issue in terms of quality control, analytical result reliability, and economical losses. It is, therefore, mandatory for food industries to perform analysis on potentially contaminated commodities before the trade. A full perspective of the whole analytical workflow, considering each crucial step during AFs investigation, namely sampling, sample preparation, separation, and detection, will be presented to the reader, focusing on the main challenges related to the topic. A discussion will be primarily held regarding sample preparation methodologies such as partitioning, solid phase extraction (SPE), and immunoaffinity (IA) related methods. This will be followed by an overview of the leading analytical techniques for the detection of aflatoxins, in particular liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to a fluorescence detector (FLD) and/or mass spectrometry (MS). Moreover, the focus on the analytical procedure will not be specific only to traditional methodologies, such as LC, but also to new direct approaches based on imaging and the ability to detect AFs, reducing the need for sample preparation and separative techniques.

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Biomonitoring and determinants of mycotoxin exposures from pregnancy until post-lactation in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women from Harare, Zimbabwe

Murashiki,

Mazhandu,

Zinyama-Gutsire

et al. 2024

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

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Aflatoxins: Contamination, Analysis and Control

Cited by 7 publications

References 92 publications

Determination of aflatoxins M1, M2, B1, B2, G1 and G2 in peanut by modified QuEChERS method and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Determination of aflatoxins M1, M2, B1, B2, G1 and G2 in peanut by modified QuEChERS method and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Current Developments of Analytical Methodologies for Aflatoxins’ Determination in Food during the Last Decade (2013–2022), with a Particular Focus on Nuts and Nut Products

Biomonitoring and determinants of mycotoxin exposures from pregnancy until post-lactation in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women from Harare, Zimbabwe

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