Aflatoxins, ochratoxins and zearalenone in sorghum and sorghum products in Sudan

Elbashir, Abdalla A.; Ali, Salah Eldeen Abbas

doi:10.1080/19393210.2013.859741

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…AFs levels in edible animal products and fishes from Egypt (Mohamed et al 2017;Hamad et al 2021) and in several meat types collected from Saudi Arabia (Elzupir and Abdulkhair 2020) and in egg and meat samples from Jordan were determined by HPLC-FLD (Herzallah 2009). Cereals (wheat, corn, rice, oats, and sorghum) and cereal products (corn based snacks and others) from Algeria (Riba et al 2010), Egypt (Madbouly et al 2012;Deabes et al 2018;Hathout et al 2020), Jordan (Omar et al 2020), Lebanon (Joubrane et al 2011(Joubrane et al , 2020, Morocco (Zinedine et al 2007b), Palestine (Ahmed et al 2015), Qatar (Abdulkadar et al 2002(Abdulkadar et al , 2004, Saudi Arabia (Elzupir et al 2018;El Tawila et al 2020), Sudan (Elbashir and Ali 2014) and Tunisia (Ghali et al 2009(Ghali et al , 2010Jedidi et al 2017) were documented to be contaminated with AFs.…”

Section: Detection and Quantification Of Mycotoxins In Different Food...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxin contamination in the Arab World: highlighting the main knowledge gaps and the current legislations.

Abdallah,

Gado,

Abdelsadek

et al. 2023

agriRxiv

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mycotoxins are among the most alarming food and feed contaminants threatening human and animal health. Since the discovery of aflatoxins in the 1960s, the body of knowledge in the field of mycotoxins increased dramatically: biological syntheses have been unraveled; myriad analytical detection methods were developed; surveys in different matrices were conducted; investigations into toxicities took place; several methods for control have been tested; and legislative debates to protect the public from their toxic effects continue. Based on that, hundreds of review articles were published to summarize different areas in the mycotoxin field, including their contamination per country or per region. However, mycotoxin contamination in the Arab world, which includes 22 countries in Africa and Asia, have not been specifically reviewed. To this end, this work has been conducted to review the contamination of mycotoxins in the Arab world to identify the main knowledge gaps needed to enhance the safety of food and feed. Our search, using several keywords, covered all the (non-)indexed publications written in English or Arabic or French. To the best of our knowledge, a total number of 306 papers were published between 1977 and 2021, focusing on the natural occurrence of mycotoxins in different matrices, which fall under one of 14 different categories (animal feed; animal products; baby food; cereals; cereal by-products; dairy products; legumes and pulses; nuts; spices; fruits and vegetables; juices and drinks; biomarkers; oils; and others). The relevant information (e.g., detected mycotoxins; number of samples; concentrations; method of detection) were extracted, processed and visualized using Microsoft Excel, R, GraphPad Prism, and RAWGraphs. The main results are summarized as follows: (i) research on mycotoxins has increased over the years, however the accumulated data on their occurrences are scarce to non-existent in some countries and regions; (ii) state-of-the-art technologies on mycotoxin detection are not well implemented; neither are contemporary multi-mycotoxin detection strategies in the Arab world, showing the need for capacity-building initiatives; (iii) mycotoxin profiles differ among food and feed categories, as well as between human biofluids. Furthermore, the present work highlights the current legislations in the Arab countries and provides future perspectives in order to mitigate mycotoxins, enhance the safety of food and feed and protect the consumers. Among these perspectives, we suggest some research initiatives to boost mycotoxin research among the Arab countries.

show abstract

Section: Detection and Quantification Of Mycotoxins In Different Food...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxin contamination in the Arab World: highlighting the main knowledge gaps and the current legislations.

Abdallah,

Gado,

Abdelsadek

et al. 2023

agriRxiv

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As the two major tea‐producing countries, China and India are being severely threatened by aflatoxin (Klingelhöfer et al., 2018). It is reasonable that aflatoxins and ochratoxin A are the first candidates to be traced in tea (Campone et al., 2011; Elbashir & Ali, 2014). Although substantial work has been conducted on the isolation and identification of microorganisms in Pu‐erh tea, there are few studies on harmful microorganisms and mycotoxins in Pu‐erh tea (Mohammad & Alireza, 2007; Zhao et al., 2009).…”

Section: The Safety Of Fungi In Pu‐erh Teamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…OCT is mainly based on 7 compounds with similar structures, including OCTA, OCTB and OCTC. AFT, AFB1, and OTA are easily leached in warm water at 50°C, exhibiting the mutual transmission and infection between plants, which have also been detected from yeast flakes (Elbashir & Ali, 2014; Faucet‐Marquis et al., 2014; Issa et al., 2014; Jeršek et al., 2014; Levi, 1980). OCT mainly damages the liver and kidney of animals, and inhibits mitosis of animal cells with teratogenic and carcinogenic effects as a 2B carcinogen.…”

Section: The Safety Of Fungi In Pu‐erh Teamentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of fungal community and the quality formation and safety control of Pu‐erh tea

Yang

et al. 2022

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pu-erh tea belongs to dark tea among six major teas in China. As an important kind of post-fermented tea with complex microbial composition, Pu-erh tea is highly praised by many consumers owing to its unique and rich flavor and taste. In recent years, Pu-erh tea has exhibited various physiological activities to prevent and treat metabolic diseases. This review focuses on the fungi in Pu-erh tea and introduces the sources, types, and functions of fungi in Puerh tea, as well as the influence on the quality of Pu-erh tea and potential safety risks. During the process of fermentation and aging of Pu-erh tea, fungi contribute to complex chemical changes in bioactive components of tea. Therefore, we examine the important role that fungi play in the quality formation of Puerh tea. The associations among the microbial composition, chemicals excreted, and potential food hazards are discussed during the pile-fermentation of Pu-erh tea. The quality of Pu-erh tea has exhibited profound changes during the process of pile-fermentation, including color, aroma, taste, and the bottom of the leaves, which are inseparable from the fungus in the pile-fermentation of Pu-erh tea. Specifically, the application prospects of various detection methods of mycotoxins in assessing the safety of Pu-erh tea are proposed. This review aims to fully understand the importance of fungi in the production of Pu-erh tea and further provides new insights into subtly regulating the piling process to improve the nutritional properties and guarantee the safety of Pu-erh tea.

show abstract

“…Ochratoxins are widely found in cereals and feed products; OTA was observed in the range of 10.20–46.57 μg/kg in all 18 millet samples and 0–139.2 μg/kg in 17 maize samples, while OTA was as high as 17–204 μg/kg in millet samples and 3–1738 μg/kg in maize . In addition, OTA and OTB could be simultaneously detected in sorghum and spices samples at the same time. − Although the co-occurrence of OTA, OTB, and OTC in cereals was rarely reported, three ochratoxins had been simultaneously observed in wines. , Therefore, the occurrence of OTC in food and feeds could also be paid attention for a surveillance screening purpose as well as OTA and OTB …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Broad-Specificity Immunoassay for Simultaneous Detection of Ochratoxins A, B, and C in Millet and Maize

Zhang¹,

Wang²,

Shen³

et al. 2017

J. Agric. Food Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ochratoxins A, B, and C (OTA, OTB, and OTC) can be found in cereals and feeds; the simultaneous detection of these ochratoxins holds a great need in food safety. In this study, four antibodies raised from two ochrotoxin haptens and two coating antigens were compared, and then a sensitive and broad-specificity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established for the simultaneous determination of three ochratoxins, where the detection limits were 0.005, 0.001, and 0.001 ng/mL for OTA, OTB, and OTC, respectively, and recoveries of three ochratoxins were between 84.3% and 111.7%. This developed method had been successfully applied to detect ochratoxins in both millet and maize. Molecular modeling revealed that the broad-specificity was related with the chlorine electronegativity on OTA and OTC and the potential of the acetyl ester group on OTC. The proposed ELISA can be used for simultaneous detection of three ochratoxins.

show abstract

Aflatoxins, ochratoxins and zearalenone in sorghum and sorghum products in Sudan

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

Mycotoxin contamination in the Arab World: highlighting the main knowledge gaps and the current legislations.

Mycotoxin contamination in the Arab World: highlighting the main knowledge gaps and the current legislations.

Regulation of fungal community and the quality formation and safety control of Pu‐erh tea

Broad-Specificity Immunoassay for Simultaneous Detection of Ochratoxins A, B, and C in Millet and Maize

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About